Insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins are major substrates of the insulin receptor (IR). IRS-1 associates with an insoluble multiprotein complex, possibly the cytoskeleton, in adipocytes. This localization may facilitate interaction with the IR at the cell surface. In the present study, we examined the hypothesis that the release of IRS proteins from this location may be a mechanism for ins...

Little is known about the impact of indoor residual spraying (IRS) in areas with intense malaria transmission such as sub-Saharan Africa. In Malawi, IRS with lambda-cyhalothrin has been applied annually in an area of intense year-long transmission since 2007. We evaluated the impact of IRS on parasitemia and anemia prevalence in children less than five years of age by using a cross-sectional ho...

The mechanism by which insulin induces the expression of the sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) and glucokinase genes was investigated in cultured rat hepatocytes. Overexpression of an NH(2)-terminal fragment of IRS-1 that contains the pleckstrin homology and phosphotyrosine binding domains (insulin receptor substrate-1 NH(2)-terminal fragment [IRS-1N]) inhibited insulin-in...

Insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-2 is structurally and functionally similar to IRS-1. Indeed, stimulation with insulin or insulin-like growth factor I led to the rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of both IRS-1 and IRS-2, which in turn activated phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase in L6 cells and rat skeletal muscle. However, IRS-2 was rapidly dephosphorylated (3-10 min after the addition of insulin...

Signal transduction by insulin and IGF-1, several interleukins (IL-2, IL-4, IL-9, IL-13), interferons, GH, and other cytokines involves IRS proteins, which link the receptors for these factors to signaling molecules with Src homology-2 domains (SH2-proteins). We recently reported the amino acid sequence of murine IRS-2; in order to examine a potential genetic role for this molecule in disease, ...

conclusions the study showed that irs coverage and acceptance rates were relatively high, which is essential in reaching malaria elimination. the information on malaria transmission and knowledge prevention measures showed that householders were, to a certain extent, familiar with the malaria control activities conducted by the health care service. results a total of 834 households’ heads were ...

IRS-1 is a major insulin receptor substrate which may play an important role in insulin signal transmission. The mRNA for IRS-1 in rat cells and tissues is about 9.5 kilobases (kb). Rat liver IRS-1 was stably expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells (CHO/IRS-1). Although its calculated molecular mass is 131 kDa, IRS-1 from quiescent cells migrated between 165 and 170 kDa during sodium dod...

Insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins play important roles in hepatic nutrient homeostasis. Since glucokinase (GK) and glucokinase regulatory protein (GKRP) function as key glucose sensors, we have investigated the expression of GK and GKRP in liver of Irs-2 deficient mice and Irs2(-/-) mice where Irs2 was reintroduced specifically into pancreatic β-cells [RIP-Irs-2/IRS-2(-/-)]. We observed...

ABSTRACT Background: Iran is one of the countries implementing indoor residual spraying (IRS) for malaria control. Deltamethrin (DLT) is one of the insecticides recommended by World Health Organization (WHO) for this program. IRS is currently performed in Sistan and Baluchistan province as an area with unstable malaria situation and the highest prevalence of malaria in the country. DLT has ...

Therapies targeting the type I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) have not been developed with predictive biomarkers to identify tumors with receptor activation. We have previously shown that the insulin receptor substrate (IRS) adaptor proteins are necessary for linking IGF1R to downstream signaling pathways and the malignant phenotype in breast cancer cells. The purpose of this stud...