We begin by stipulating three central points upon which we and the broad consensus of commentators agree. First, the effects of reinforcers on behavior can be readily demonstrated under conditions in which the antecedents of behavior are not identified. That is, orderly functional relations emerge between operants and reinforcers when the experimental analysis of the effects of antecedents is i...

Examinations of gay and bisexual men's (GBM) perceptions of intimate partner violence (IPV), including their perceptions of events likely to precipitate IPV, are lacking. Focus group discussions with GBM (n = 83) yielded 24 unique antecedents, or triggers, of IPV in male-male relationships. Venue-recruited survey participants (n = 700) identified antecedents that were likely to cause partner vi...

An algorithm is proposed to determine antecedents for VP ellipsis. The algorithm eliminates impossible antecedents, and then imposes a preference ordering on possible antecedents. The algorithm performs with 94% accuracy on a set of 304 examples of VP ellipsis collected from the Brown Corpus. The problem of determining antecedents for VP ellipsis has received little attention in the literature,...

The aim was to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity in schoolchildren and the association with birth weight and family antecedents of cardiovascular disease. This cross-sectional study used a probabilistic sample of 929 schoolchildren aged 6 to 10 years. The variables were: body mass index (BMI), birth weight and family antecedents of cardiovascular disease. The statistical analys...

2. Counterexamples to Disjoint Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.1. Sentence Internal Split Antecedents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.2. Intersentential Split Antecedents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 2.3. Inclusive Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 2.4. Co...

BACKGROUND Health programs commonly promote handwashing by drawing attention to potential fecal contamination in the environment. The underlying assumption is that the thought of fecal contamination will result in disgust, and motivate people to wash their hands with soap. However, this has not proven sufficient to achieve high rates of handwashing with soap at key times. We argue that handwash...