Background: The snake, Echis carinatus, one of the most venomous snakes in Asia, possesses a deadly hemotoxic venom. It has been reported that suramin, an anti-trypansomiasis drug, can inhibit the toxic effects of some snake venoms. This study was conducted to evaluate the possible antagonistic effects of suramin against the hemorrhagic activity of the venom from an Iranian snake, Echis carinat...

Background The benefits from treatment with antivenom sera are indubitable. However, the mechanism for toxin neutralization has not been completely elucidated. A mixture of anti-bothropic and anti-crotalic horse antivenom has been reported to be more effective in neutralizing the effects of B. jararacussu snake venom than anti-bothropic antivenom alone. This study determined which regions in th...

The benefits from treatment with antivenom sera are indubitable. However, the mechanism for toxin neutralization has not been completely elucidated. A mixture of anti-bothropic and anti-crotalic horse antivenom has been reported to be more effective in neutralizing the effects of Bothrops jararacussu snake venom than anti-bothropic antivenom alone. This study determined which regions in the thr...

In the present study, we investigated anti-cancer effect of snake venom activated NK cells (NK-92MI) in lung cancer cell lines. We used snake venom (4 μg/ml) treated NK-92MI cells to co-culture with lung cancer cells. There was a further decrease in cancer cell growth up to 65% and 70% in A549 and NCI-H460 cell lines respectively, whereas 30-40% was decreased in cancer cell growth by snake veno...

Highest rates of snake envenoming and mortalities in South Asia, Southeast Asia,Sub-Share Africa with India reporting the most deaths. World Health Organization listed snakebite as a neglected disease. Clinical manifestations of snakebite include overwhelming fear, nausea vomiting diarrhea, vertigo, faintingtachycardia, and cold, clammy skin. Most snakes cause neurotoxicity.Paresthesia througho...

In our previous report, rosmarinic acid (RA) was revealed to be an antidote active compound in Argusia argentea (family: Boraginaceae). The plant is locally used in Okinawa in Japan as an antidote for poisoning from snake venom, Trimeresurus flavoviridis (habu). This article presents mechanistic evidence of RA's neutralization of the hemorrhagic effects of snake venom. Anti-hemorrhagic activity...

Naja haje arabica (Arabian cobra) is the major cause of snake-bite mortality in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The treatments of the snake bite envenomation occur by anti-snake venom produced in horses previously immunized with a mixture of venom. Therefore, one of the main objectives of the current study is to produce anti Naja haje arabica immunoglobulin in high titer from the yolk of chickens by i...