An anti-malarial vaccine against the extremely lethal Plasmodium falciparum is desperately needed. Peptides from this parasite's proteins involved in invasion and having high red blood cell-binding ability were identified; these conserved peptides were not immunogenic or protection-inducing when used for immunizing Aotus monkeys. Modifying some critical binding residues in these high-activiy bi...

Circadian clocks are present in a variety of tissues and cells in mammals and appear to be organized in a hierarchical manner. They are divided into a master clock that is localized in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and peripheral clocks in extra-SCN brain regions and peripheral tissues, such as heart and liver. The circadian clock is generally reset by environmental time cues, ...

There is a vast research literature on the antioxidant activity in food. [...].

Although the term 'antioxidant' is used very frequently, there are problems with the definition of antioxidants and estimation of antioxidant activity. The distinction between antioxidant and antiradical activities is not always obvious. This minireview discusses critically the principles, advantages and limitations of the most frequently used methods of estimation of antiradical and antioxidan...

Antioxidant activity has been assessed in many ways. The limitation of many newer methods is the frequent lack of an actual substrate in the procedure. The combination of all approaches with the many test methods available explains the large variety of ways in which results of antioxidant testing are reported. The measurement of antioxidant activities, especially of antioxidants that are mixtur...