Summary Ketamine is a racemic mixture of two enantiomers, R- and S-ketamine [1]. The primarily used as anaesthestic agent. In low or sub anaesthetic doses, ketamine has potent analgesic properties, it been effectively either primary adjuvant in varieties pain syndromes burn dressings children [2]. this case report, we illustrate the effectiveness oral controlling during wound dressing an adult ...

background: ketamine is the only anesthetic agent that leads to an increase of blood pressure and heart rate by activation of sympathetic nervous system. however, there is a controversy about this effect of ketamine especially if used in small dosage. we proposed to evaluate the hemodynamic effect of small dose of ketamine during phacoemulsification. methods: one hundred patients of asa physica...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the renal protective efficacy propofol, ketamine, and ketofol in an ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) model experimentally induced rats. Thirty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into five groups: sham (Group 1), control 2), ketamine 3), propofol 4), 5). Following administration intramuscular hydrochloride anesthesia, left hilum exp...

BACKGROUND Unlike most anesthetics, ketamine racemate (S, R (+/-)-ketamine) induces heterogenous changes in cerebral metabolism. S, R (+/-)-ketamine is an equimolar mixture of two enantiomers, S (+)-ketamine and R (-)-ketamine, which differ in affinity for neuroreceptors and pharmacologic activities. This study investigated comparatively the effects of ketamine racemate and enantiomers on cereb...

STUDY OBJECTIVE The primary objective is to compare total sedation time when ketamine/propofol is used compared with ketamine alone for pediatric procedural sedation and analgesia. Secondary objectives include time to recovery, adverse events, efficacy, and satisfaction scores. METHODS Children (aged 2 to 17 years) requiring procedural sedation and analgesia for management of an isolated orth...

Comparison of the Effects Ketamine-Remifentanil with Ketamine-Propofol on Pain, Agitation and Hemodynamic Changes during Closed Reduction Nasal Fracture

Ketamine is used clinically for anesthesia but is also abused as a recreational drug. Previously, it has been established that ketamine‑induced bladder interstitial cystitis is a common syndrome in ketamine‑abusing individuals. As the mechanisms underlying ketamine‑induced cystitis have yet to be revealed, the present study investigated the effect of ketamine on human urothelial cell lines and ...

Objective: Magnesium sulfate has been shown to provide analgesia when administered into the knee joints. The aim of this study was to evaluate the histopathological effects of intraarticular administration of magnesium sulfate in the rat knee joint. Design: A total of 50 rats were given 0.25ml of magnesium sulfate (10%) by injection into the right knee joint and 0.25ml of 0.9% saline solution b...