Skills, medications and protocols used in domestic carnivores medicine and surgery are applicable to exotics. Thus, thorough physical examination should be followed by several clinical tests. Because most of birds are close depend on their environmental conditions, husbandry records are more than important. Review information on apparently healthy animals and the sick individual is part of the ...

A growing body of documents shows that rising average global temperatures can be one of several causes of disease emergence and reemergence among human and animal populations. In this regard, climate mostly affects diseases caused by pathogens that spend part of their lifecycle outside of the host, exposed to the environment like water-borne diseases, food-borne pathogens, and vector-borne zoon...