Tafenoquine (TQ), a new synthetic analog of primaquine, has relatively poor bioavailability and associated toxicity in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)-deficient individuals. A microemulsion formulation of TQ (MTQ) with sizes <20 nm improved the solubility of TQ and enhanced the oral bioavailability from 55% to 99% in healthy mice (area under the curve 0 to infinity: 11,368±1,232 and 23...

Furosemide is a weakly acidic diuretic indicated for treatment of edema and hypertension. It has very poor solubility but high permeability through stomach and upper gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Due to its limited solubility it has poor and variable oral bioavailibility of 10-90%. The aim of this study was to enhance the oral bioavailibilty of furosemide by preparation of nanosuspensions. The ...

We studied determinants of cadmium status and kidney function in nonsmoking men and women living on farms in southern Sweden. Median blood Cd (BCd) was 1.8 nmol/L (range, 0.38-18) and median urinary Cd (UCd) was 0.23 nmol/mmol creatinine (range, 0.065-0.99). The intake of Cd per kilogram body weight did not significantly differ between sexes and did not correlate with BCd or UCd, which may be e...

Low-salt (LS) diet has been considered to be beneficial in the prevention and treatment of hypertension; however, it also increases plasma angiotensin (ANG) II and may cause adverse cardiovascular effects, such as endothelial dysfunction. We assessed endothelial function of coronary arterioles and vascular superoxide production, as a function of LS diet. Dogs were fed with LS (0.05% NaCl) or a ...

The hypothesis 'the lower the better when achieving castration levels of testosterone' is based on the data from second-line hormonal manipulation and its molecular basis, and on better oncological results reported for lower castration levels in prostate cancer (PCa) patients, including those achieved with maximal androgen blockade. In this regard, the equivalence of surgical and different phar...

In 1977 C Y Bowers and coworkers developed a series of small peptides which stimulated in vitro the release of growth hormone (GH) from pituitary cells, although their potency was rather weak (1). Further studies based on conformational energy calculations in conjunction with peptide chemistry modifications and biological activity testing, led in 1984 to the development of several more potent p...