introduCtion ELEPHANTS PLAY a huge role within any landscape where they occur. They are habitat engineers. As charismatic species they awaken emotions among people like few others. As keystone species, they contribute significantly to the integrity of ecosystems and must be very carefully managed. From an economic perspective, they are also value generators. In this broad context, we first cons...

3 The distinction between forecast quality and economic value in a cost-loss 4 formulation is well known. Also well-known is their complex relationship, even 5 with some instances of a reversal between the two, where higher quality is 6 associated with lower economic value, and vice versa. It is reasonable to expect 7 such counter-intuitive results when forecast quality and economic value both,...

This paper describes ways to evaluate the value of walking (the activity) and walkability (the quality of walking conditions, including safety, comfort and convenience). Walking and walkability provide a variety of benefits, including basic mobility, consumer cost savings, cost savings (reduced external costs), efficient land use, community livability, improved fitness and public health, econom...

in order to estimate economic values of productive traits (meat, milk and wool) in taleshi native sheep breed of iran, records from economic parameters and performance of local taleshi flocks were used. the economic values of traits were used to select the maximum profit estimation also to study the sensitivity rate of the model the effects of 20 percent increase / decrease in the price of milk...

in recent years, risk management in respect of enterprise-wide risk management (ewrm) has become more important and highly critical to major corporations worldwide including malaysia. in fact, it is interesting to note that when the government of malaysia passed the code of corporate governance in the year 2000, most of the public limited companies (plcs) in malaysia was struggling to implement...

Empiricists have used various editions of an economic freedom index (EFI) initially developed by Gwartney et al. (1996) [Gwartney, J., Lawson, R., Block, W., 1996. Economic Freedom of the World: 1975–1995. Fraser Institute, Vancouver.] to examine the relationship between economic freedom and other socio-economic variables, such as growth or investment. The EFI quantifies the level of particular...

abstract some issues such as dehydration, local and chronological disproportion of rainfall, low productivity of water in agricultural sector, increasing demand for agricultural products due to increase in population participate with doughtiness are the most challenges of agricultural water. these factors caused water to be as one of the important and scarce inputs is agricultural products. the...

given the strategic remarkable rank of pistachio in non-oil exports, inputs’ management in its production is so important. as the scarcest input in agricultural sector, water is considered to be among the most important inputs of pistachio production.water inadequate supply and limate conditions increase water demand in pistachio growing areas. it is necessary to determine the real value or pri...