over 170 million patients worldwide are chronically infected with hepatitis c virus ( hcv ); making it a globally important infection. dentists constantly handle sharp instruments infected with biological fluids and are therefore considered at high-risk of contracting hcv infection. needle-stick injuries seem to be the most common route of exposure to blood-borne pathogens in dental practice. m...

Infections with vector-borne pathogens are a major source of emerging diseases. The ability of vectors to bridge spatial and ecologic gaps between animals and humans increases opportunities for emergence. Small adaptations of a pathogen to a vector can have profound effects on the rate of transmission to humans.

Mosquito borne infectious diseases are among important group of diseases worldwide. Vaccination is available for some tropical mosquito-borne diseases, especially for Japa-nese encephalitis virus infection and yellow fever. There are also several attempts to develop new vaccines for the other mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria, dengue infection and West Nile virus infection. In this articl...

1 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Clinical Microbiology and Virology Unit, University of Cagliari, Policlinico Monserrato, S.S. 554, Bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy 2 Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Room Ee 1714a’s Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands 3 UMR190, Emergence des Pathologies Virales Aix-Marseille Universite, Institut de Reche...

Members of the genus Vibrio are autochthonous bacterial flora in the aquatic ecosystem and quite a few of them are associated with infections in humans and aquatic animals. Human infection follows either direct contact with aquatic environment or indirectly via contaminated food and water. Food-borne Vibrio infections tend to occur more frequently in developed countries while transmission of Vi...