background: the risk for transmission of blood-borne viruses (bbvs) such as human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), hepatitis b virus (hbv) and hepatitis c virus (hcv) due to occupational exposure is a major concern in the health care setting. m aterials and methods: this study among 337 health care workers (hcws) accidentally exposed to bbvs was carried out from january 2009 to march 2015. the dat...

Introduction: Camping and hiking are popular worldwide recreational activities. All age groups, elderly or young, immunocompetent or immunosupressive people may engage in these activities. During these activities, individuals may get injured or be exposed to pathogens. There is also a strong possibility of experiencing mosquito, lice, or tick bites, bee stings, or being bitten ...

background: parasitic intestinal infections are still among socioeconomic prob­lems in the world, especially in developing countries like iran. food-handlers that directly deal with production and distribution of foods between societies are one of the most important sources to transmit parasitic infections to humans. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic ...

conclusions upon our results, tattooed people even with a small size of tattoo on the body are more at risk for hcv, hbv, and hiv infection. results among the 63 patients with tattoos (21% female, 79% male, age range:16 to 79-years-old), four patients (6.3%) tested positive for hbsag and pcr-hbv, seven patients (11%) tested positive for hcv, and five (7.9%) tested positive for hiv. the last gro...