Fragility curves for retrofitted bridges indicate the influence of various retrofit measures on the probability of achieving specified levels of damage. This paper presents an analytical methodology for developing fragility curves for classes of retrofitted bridge systems. The approach captures the impact of retrofit on the vulnerability of multiple components, which to date has not been adequa...

We prove that the tunnel number of a satellite chain link with components higher than or equal to twice bridge companion is as small possible among links same components. this result be sharp for over 2-bridge knot.

The 2-bridge knots (or links) are a family of knots with bridge number 2. A 2bridge knot (link) has at most 2 components. Except for the knot 85, the first 25 knots in the Rolfsen Knot Table are 2-bridge knots. A 2-bridge knot is also called a rational knot because it can be obtained as the numerator or denominator closure of a rational tangle. The rich mathematical aspects of 2-bridge knots ca...

Post-earthquake repair costs are important for evaluating the performance of new bridge design options and different existing bridge configurations in the next major earthquake. Hazard and structural demand models provide information on the probabilistic structural response during earthquakes. Damage and decision models are needed to link the structural response to decisions on bridge repair ac...

three unconventional details for plastic hinges of bridge columns subjected to seismic loads were developed, designed, and implemented in a large-scale, four-span reinforced concrete bridge. shape memory alloys (sma), special engineered cementitious composites (ecc), elastomeric pads embedded into columns, and post-tensioning were used in three different piers. the bridge model was subjected to...

This position paper describes an automatic component bridge generator for embedding COM components in the Eclipse rich client platform. While embedding of ActiveX controls (graphical COM components) is in principle possible in Eclipse, the data model of the control is not easily accessible, and if done anyway, the task is quite tedious and error-prone. Therefore an automated component bridge ge...