one of the most important questions in islamic banking system is about the best method for calculating the interest rate of loans and deposits. this paper compares two methods : time- value method and economic value- added method and tries to answer this question that, based on the information gathered from the financial statements of a sample of the accepted firms in the iranian exchange marke...

Ever since the rise of non-standard models and the proliferation of the independence results there have been two conflicting positions in the foundations of mathematics. The first position—which we shall call pluralism—maintains that certain statements of mathematics do not have determinate truth-values. On this view, although it is admitted that there are are practical reasons that one might g...

by considering as incomplete the peripatetics’ method in achieving reality, shaykh ishrāq (suhrawardī) has chosen the method of insight and intuition. but what position do thought and proof have in his method? it is implied from some of his statements that thinking and proof have no place in his method and some of his other statements imply the opposite. one of the solutions of this apparent in...

In response to health care worker influenza vaccination rates that are below desired targets, strategies designed to stimulate vaccination have been proposed, including the use of declination statements for those refusing vaccination. The impact of these statements has not been thoroughly investigated and may be affected by their specific language and context. This review examines the available...

Newly introduced drugs or treatments may not be substantively more effective than current therapies, but these drugs or treatments may have distinct advantages in terms of lower costs or fewer or less severe side effects. Demonstrating the utility of a novel treatment is thus unlike usual hypothesis testing, in which researchers seek to prove that treatments differ (i.e., that one treatment is ...

Directional comparisons are often used to express similarity (e.g., “North Korea is like China”). These statements, however, frame the subject as the less typical figure and the complement as the more typical or prominent ground. Thus, despite expressing similarity, directional comparisons may imply that the ground is more representative. In Study 1, we analyze Twitter to show that directional ...