Changing climate and a legacy of fire-exclusion have increased the probability of high-severity wildfire, leading to an increased risk of forest carbon loss in ponderosa pine forests in the southwestern USA. Efforts to reduce high-severity fire risk through forest thinning and prescribed burning require both the removal and emission of carbon from these forests, and any potential carbon benefit...

Forests in boreal and temperate forest-ecosystems have importance for carbon balance since they sequester large amount of atmospheric carbon by uptake of carbon-dioxide during photosynthesis, and transfer and store carbon in the forest ecosystem. Forest material can be used for bio-fuel purposes and substitute fossil fuels, and supply wood products, which can replace carbon-and-energy-intensive...

Here I present the R package 'plantecophys', a toolkit to analyse and model leaf gas exchange data. Measurements of leaf photosynthesis and transpiration are routinely collected with portable gas exchange instruments, and analysed with a few key models. These models include the Farquhar-von Caemmerer-Berry (FvCB) model of leaf photosynthesis, the Ball-Berry models of stomatal conductance, and t...

Miskolczi (2007 and 2010) uses complex radiative transfer calculations on 228 measured atmospheric profiles of temperature and greenhouse gases to theorize ‘physical rules’ for the Earth’s energy balance. He deduces a ‘radiative exchange equilibrium law’, stating that on average the downward thermal infrared flux at the Earth’s surface (Ed) and the absorbed infrared radiation within the atmosph...

Development of regional policies to reduce net emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) would benefit from the quantification of the major components of the region's carbon balance--fossil fuel CO2 emissions and net fluxes between land ecosystems and the atmosphere. Through spatially detailed inventories of fossil fuel CO2 emissions and a terrestrial biogeochemistry model, we produce the first estimat...

BACKGROUND Forests store large amounts of carbon in forest biomass, and this carbon can be released to the atmosphere following forest disturbance or management. In the western US, forest fuel reduction treatments designed to reduce the risk of high severity wildfire can change forest carbon balance by removing carbon in the form of biomass, and by altering future potential wildfire behavior in...

Closing carbon mass balances is a critical and necessary step for verifying the performance of any conversion process. We developed a methodology for calculating carbon mass balance closures for a cellulase production process and then applied measurement uncertainty analysis to calculate 95% confidence limits to assess the accuracy of the results. Cellulase production experiments were conducted...

balance among different fractions of a carbon sources is of paramount importance in maintenance of very important in soil quality and environmental health. on the other hand, rapid growth of world population, degradation of agricultural soils, along with release of greenhouse gasses are some of the main challenges of the 21st century. the aim of this study was to investigate the extent of chang...