Treating central nervous system diseases is very challenging because of the presence of a variety of formidable obstacles that impede drug delivery. Physiological barriers like the blood-brain barrier and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier as well as various efflux transporter proteins make the entry of drugs into the central nervous system very difficult. The present review provides a brief acc...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is commonly used for critically ill patients with acute kidney injury. During treatment, a slow dialysate flow rate can be applied to enhance diffusive solute removal. However, due to the lack of the rationale of the dialysate flow configuration (countercurrent or concurrent to blood flow), in clinical practice, the connection settings...

In this paper we present the application of carbon nanotubes as unique sorbents for the fabrication of microtraps for the nanoscale adsorption/desorption of relatively large semivolatile organic molecules. The microtrap application requires high adsorption capacity as well as easy desorbability; the latter being critical for semivolatile compounds. The sorbent characteristics of single and mult...

Therapy for kidney replacement with hemodialysis is a treatment that carried out in patients Chronic Kidney Failure to survive. The purpose of this study was determine the stability dialysate fluid machine by measuring temperature using DS18B20 sensor and pH 4502C on pre post-hemodialysis. research method manufacture module use pre-experimental design type "one group posttest design" independen...

BACKGROUND Central dialysate fluid delivery systems (CDDS) are used by dialysis centers in Japan, and although these systems are effective at delivering dialysate, they have a complex piping network with numerous sites where contamination can develop. In Japan, cleaning disinfectants have been clinically evaluated based on endotoxin levels and bacterial counts, but there have been no published ...

José Guiserix, Service de Néphrologie-Dialyse, BP 350 CHSPT, F-97448 Saint-Pierre, La Réunion (France) Dear Sir, Jensen et al. [ 1 ] have recently described a triple-pump dialysis system using a lactate-buffered dialysate. We have extensively been using such a dialysis fluid over the past 5 years, with a double-pump system, in 1,473 hemodialysis sessions in the intensive care unit (n = 585) or ...

Intravenous enzyme replacement therapy with iduronate-2-sulfatase is an approved treatment for Hunter syndrome, however, conventional intravenous delivery cannot treat the neurologic manifestations of the disease due to its limited central nervous system penetration. Intrathecal administration of iduronate-2-sulfatase for delivery to the central nervous system is currently under investigation. ...

Studies were conducted on the microbiological quality of fluids associated with different types of dialysis systems located in six dialysis centers and 14 homes. Included were (i) single-pass systems employing either parallel flow (Kiil or Gambro) or capillary cartridge dialyzers and (ii) recirculating single-pass and batch recirculating systems using coil dialyzers. Microbiological assays were...

In haemodialysis, sodium and fluid balance (where intake matches loss) is achieved by ultrafiltration diffusion between the plasma water dialysate. If a patient’s does not change, any reduction in gain obtained lowering dialysate concentration will result less removal ultrafiltration. The corresponding change to achieve may mean benefit of lower offset morbidity caused fall serum during dialysi...

PURPOSE Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease and is an important risk factor for morbidity and mortality after dialysis. However, glycemic control among such patients is difficult to assess. The present study examined glycemic control parameters and observed glucose variation after refilling different kinds of fresh dialysate in peritoneal dialysis (PD) pat...