Aging population and the increasing exposure to carcinogens contribute to the rise of the global cancer incidence. Around 70% of all death cases caused by malignant diseases are in countries with low and medium incomes. The aim of this study was to monitor the trends of mortality and morbidity for cancers, with the highest incidence amongst men in the Jablanica district during the period 1999-2...

For several decades, land use in Malinau district was dictated by the central government through the allocation of land to agriculture, timber concessions and mining companies. Now, with a policy of decentralization in place, district governments have a greater say in the allocation of land use. As a part of the district government development programs to increase district revenue, several fore...

This paper analyzes redistribution by municipalities in a metropolitan area using the classical model of residential land use in a monocentric city. Crossing bid rent curves lead to spatial segregation of household types which might shield high-income households from redistribution by municipalities. If rich households live farer away from the central business district than poor households, the...

BACKGROUND Decentralised health systems in Tanzania depend largely on funding from the central government to run health services. Experience has shown that central funding in a decentralised system is not an appropriate approach to ensure the effective and efficient performance of local authorities due to several limitations. One of the limitations is that funds from the central government are ...

This paper compares two celebrated studies New York City Community School District 2 (Elmore & Burney, 1999), and Good to Great (Collins, 2001) which examined sustained success in American corporations to the case of a single high performing school district. The question of interest concerns how school districts achieve and maintain high performance. The study focuses on five central issues fro...

BACKGROUND Eighty per cent of Malawi's 8 million children live in rural areas, and there is an extensive tiered health system infrastructure from village health clinics to district hospitals which refers patients to one of the four central hospitals. The clinics and district hospitals are staffed by nurses, non-physician clinicians and recently qualified doctors. There are 16 paediatric special...

School of Medicine, University of Tampere and Fimlab Laboratories Ltd, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere; Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, & Dept of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki; Heart Center, Satakunta Central Hospital, Pori; Heart Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku; Dept of Oromaxillary Surgery, Satakunta Central Hospi...

There is much evidence against the so-called ”too big to fail” hypothesis in the case of bailouts to sub-national governments. We look at a model where districts of different size provide local public goods with positive spillovers. Matching grants of a central government can induce socially-efficient provision, but districts can still exploit the intervening central government by inducing dire...

Background The impact of reorganisation on health services delivery is a recurring issue in every healthcare system. In 2005 Vietnam reorganised the delivery of health services at the district level by splitting preventive, curative, and administrative roles. This qualitative study explored how these reforms impacted on the organisation of maternal health service delivery at district and commun...