abstract background: given the fact of irrecoverable consequences of noise in industrial societies and the environment, acoustic filter (silencer) is an instrument which obstacles the transmission of sound waves. a sort of this silencer is helmholtz resonator (branch amplifier) which comes to sound appropriate for low and below 200 hz frequencies in fan and channel noise. the purpose of this ar...

The action potential (AP) is transmitted by the concerted action of voltage-gated ion channels. Thermodynamic fluctuations in channel proteins produce probabilistic gating behavior, causing channel noise. Miniaturizing signaling systems increases susceptibility to noise, and with many cortical, cerebellar, and peripheral axons <0.5 mum diameter [1, 2 and 3], channel noise could be significant [...

Mini-channel (D = 2.54 mm) and micro-channel (D = 510 pm) heat sinks with a 1-cm heated surface were tested for their high heat flux performance with flow boiling ofR-113. Experimental results yielded CHF values in excess of 200 W cm~ for flow rates less than 95 ml min~ (0.025 gpm) over a range of inlet subcooling from 10 to 32° C. Heat diffusion within the heat sink was analyzed to ascertain t...

Calcium channel subtypes in adult rat and frog sensory neuron somata, acutely isolated from dorsal root ganglia (DRG neurons), were studied using Bay K 8644, nimodipine, and omega-conotoxin GVIA (omega-CgTx) as specific probes. The DRG neurons varied in diameter 15-60 microns (rat) and 20-80 microns (frog). Bay K 8644 produced a large increase in calcium currents of small-diameter rat DRG neuro...

Due to emergence of serious obstacles by scaling of the transistors dimensions, it has been obviously proved that silicon technology should be replaced by a new one having a high ability to overcome the barriers of scaling to nanometer regime. Among various candidates, carbon nanotube (CNT) field effect transistors are introduced as the most promising devices for substituting the silicon-based ...

In this paper, submerged vanes were placed at the upstream area of a bridge pier located at the 90 degree angle. Then, using the laboratory equipment, a study of flow pattern was conducted throughout the bend, specifically around the pier and submerged vanes. ADV velocimeter was incorporated in order to help measure 3D velocity components. Submerged vanes were installed at distances of 40 and 6...

Introduction: Recent studies have shown the presence of Cl- channels in heart and liver mitochondrial membranes. In this work, we have characterized the functional profile of a Cl- channel from rat brain mitochondria. Methods: After removing and homogenizing the rat brain, the supernatant was separately centrifuged in MSEdigitonin, H2O and Na2CO3 and mitochondrial inner membrane vesicles wer...

Introduction: Different ATP-sensitive potassium channels have been detected in the mitochondrial inner membrane of cells. They are suggested to be involved in cell processes including cell protection. Here, we characterized the biophysical and electropharmacological properties of a KATP channel in the brain mitochondrial inner membranes. Methods: After removing and homogenizing the rat brain...