introduction and aims: microscopic colitis has been generally recognized as lymphocytic colitis and collagenous colitis: two inflammatory diseases of large intestine without a definite origin. the colon appears normal by colonoscopy. so, biopsy of the colonic mucosa is mandatory for diagnosis. materials and methods: as a descriptive design we assessed epidemiological, clinical and laboratory fi...

background & aim: at recent three decades, management of chronic mental disorders has been a focus of attention in mental health systems. this study aimed to assess the efficacy of group psychodrama in reducing depression in inpatient women with chronic mental disorder. method & materials: in this semi-experimental study, thirty women with chronic mental disorders bedridden at razi comprehensiv...

background and objectives : temporomandibular disorder (tmd) refers to chronic pain of the temporomandibular joint (tmj) associated with headache, neck pain, shoulder pain or back pain. the origin of these pains may be related to tmd. many patients with chronic headache undergo different treatments for long periods of time with no cure. these headaches can be treated with proper diagnosis. this...

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuroradiculopathy (CIDP) is an immune mediated disorder characterized by progressive developing or relapsing symmetrical motor or sensory symptoms in more than one limb over a period of two months. Achalasia, as a primary esophageal motility disorder, is also characterized by increasing the tone of lower esophageal sphincter, absence or incomplete sphinct...

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, or chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is an acquired immune-mediated inflammatory disorder at the peripheral nervous system, in which the progression is chronic and also remission relapse. In most cases, it is also associated with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein-cell separation. Electrophysiologically, the periph...

background chronic kidney disease (ckd) is a common medical condition among children and obsessive-compulsive disorder (ocd) is a frequent, chronic, costly, and disabling disorder among them. objectives the aim of this study was to investigate obsessive-compulsive disorder (ocd) in children with early stages of ckd, and to compare it with the occurrence of ocd in healthy children. patients and ...

The high comorbidity rates of posttraumatic stress disorder and chronic pain have been widely reported, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Emerging evidence suggested that an excess of inflammatory immune activities in the hippocampus involved in the progression of both posttraumatic stress disorder and chronic pain. Considering that microglia are substrates underlying the initiation...

kimura’s disease (kd) is a chronic inflammatory disorder primarily seen in male asians during the second and third decades of life. clinically, it presents as solitary or multiple subcutaneous nodules, predominantly in the head and neck region, typically in the pre auricular region, forehead, and scalp. the etiology of kimura disease is still unknown. this disorder should be suspected when the ...

Kimura’s disease (KD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder primarily seen in male Asians during the second and third decades of life. Clinically, it presents as solitary or multiple subcutaneous nodules, predominantly in the head and neck region, typically in the pre auricular region, forehead, and scalp. The etiology of Kimura disease is still unknown. This disorder should be suspected when the ...