it is very important to determine the stable nitrogen isotope ratio for the nitrogenous substances in aerosols and the geochemistry behavior of stable nitrate ion isotopes in aerosols in order to elucidate the chemical and physical functions of clouds. hence, aerosol field sampling was conducted in the skies offshore from malibu beach and santa barbara, california, u.s.a. on 16 and 18 july 200...

We discuss the nature of the circumstellar envelopes around the B[e] supergiants (B[e]SG) in the Magellanic Clouds (MC). Contrary to those in the Galaxy, the MC B[e]SG have a well defined luminosity and can be considered members of a well defined class. We discuss spectroscopy and optical broadband polarimetry and spectropolarimetry data. These data show for the first time detailed changes in t...

This paper summarizes the evidence of the ultraviolet properties of dust grains found in starburst galaxies. Observations of starburst galaxies clearly show that the 2175 Å feature is weak or absent. This can be the result of radiative transfer effects (mixing the dust and stars) or due to dust grains which do not have this feature. Spherical DIRTY radiative transfer models imply that it is not...

Stratocumulus clouds (Sc) have a significant impact on the amount of sunlight reflected back to space, with important implications for Earth's climate. Representing Sc and their radiative impact is one of the largest challenges for global climate models. Sc fields self-organize into cellular patterns and thus lend themselves to analysis and quantification in terms of natural cellular networks. ...

The topic of this paper is the expected (from modelling) and observed sensitivity of the brightness β of noctilucent clouds (NLC) on the ambient water vapour mixing ratio f (H 2 O). Firstly, we show that state-of-the-art models of NLC layer formation predict that in the Arctic summer, a 10% increase of f (H 2 O) in the upper mesosphere should 5 lead to a 22% increase in β. Secondly, we review o...

The complexity of large cloud offerings makes it extremely hard to guarantee their dependability and security. This paper extracts lessons from some years of research on the notion of using several clouds – instead of a single one– with the objective of achieving high dependability and security. We show that using such clouds-of-clouds it is possible for services to continue to operate correctl...

The aim of this project is to introduce Spark Clouds, which integrate spark lines into a tag cloud to convey trends between multiple tag clouds. Spark Clouds ability is to show trends compares favorably to the alternative visualizations. In the Existing System, Tag clouds are used to display the relative tag frequency, popularity, or importance by font size. They serve as a visual summary of do...

Cirrus clouds are product of weather processes, and then their occurrence and macrophysical/optical properties can vary significantly over different regions of the world. Lidars can provide height-resolved measurements with a relatively good both vertical and temporal resolutions, making them the most suitable instrumentation for high-cloud observations. The aim of this work is to show the pote...

Precipitation tends to decrease as aerosol concentration increases in warm marine boundary layer clouds at fixed liquid water path (LWP). The quantitative nature of this relationship is captured using the precipitation susceptibility (So) metric. Previously published works disagree on the qualitative behavior of So in marine low clouds: So decreases monotonically with increasing LWP or cloud de...

[1] The state of the mesosphere is connected to the lower atmosphere through various dynamical coupling processes. Nine years of Odin satellite observations of noctilucent clouds (NLC) have been analyzed as tracers for such processes. Inter‐hemispheric coupling from the winter stratosphere and troposphere is confirmed to have a major influence on the summer mesosphere. Intra‐hemispheric couplin...