In recent years, partially because of federal legislation, there have been increases in demand for accountability in all educational venues. Performance in elementary mathematics is no exception. In this paper we review the relevant parts of the learning theories of Piaget, Bruner, and Vygotsky and address the difficulties teachers may face when introducing mathematical concepts. The review of ...

Explaining how intelligent systems come to embody knowledge of deductive concepts through inductive learning is a fundamental challenge of both cognitive science and AI. This project address this challenge by exploring how deep reinforcement learning agents, occupying settings similar to early-stage mathematical concept learners come to represent ideas such as rotation and translation. I first ...

Classification is an important research area in cancer diagnosis. Fuzzy C-means (FCM) is one of the most widely used fuzzy clustering algorithms in real world applications. However there are two major limitations that exist in this method. The first is that a predefined number of clusters must be given in advance. The second is that the FCM technique can get stuck in sub-optimal solutions. In o...