This paper describes an experiment to explore the effects of the TENCompetence infrastructure for supporting lifelong competence development which is now in development. This infrastructure provides structured, multi-leveled access to learning materials, based upon competences. People can follow their own learning path, supported by a listing of competences and their components, by competence d...

Within the TENCompetence project we aim to develop and integrate models and tools into an open source infrastructure for the creation, storage and exchange of learning objects, suitable knowledge resources as well as learning experiences. This contribution analyzes the potential of social software tools for providing part of the required functionality, as well as some challenges involved.

There is a tendency to think of World Englishes in the noun form; as products rather than as processes (implying that one receives both ready-made, controlling the development of neither). Conceptualising World Englishes as processes in which one can participate as an agent raises the question of what skills are needed in their active construction. The author will argue that since culture resid...

In matter of great importance, it is the innate behaviour for human beings to seek more than one consultant before making a decision. In such cases we weigh the individual opinions of experts on the basis of their competence and then combine them through some thought process in order to finalize the decision. In this paper we have proposed an idea of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) in order t...

studies in cognitive linguistics have highlighted the importance of metaphors for language teaching. metaphoric competence, as an important aspect of intelligence, can contribute to the learning of languages. most textbooks in esl/efl avoid the issue of figurative language and concentrate only on the denotative aspects of language. this article reports a study conducted at the islamic azad univ...

at the current iterate x ∈ Rn. In practice, we find that the bulk of computational resources (memory, time) consumed by these algorithms is spent constructing and solving these linear systems, and not in the higher-level algorithmic details. That is not to say that the higher-level details do not impact performance; for example, algorithmic improvements could result in a reduction in the number...

second language  learners often develop grammatical competence in the absence of concomitant pragmatic competence (kasper & roever, 2005) and the exact nature of the relationship between the two competences is still indistinct and in need of inquiries ( bardovi-harlig, 1999; khatib & ahmadisafa, 2011). this study is a partial attempt to address the lacuna and aims to see if any relation...

the main purpose of this study was to determine which correlate, perceived motor competence or motor skill competence, best predicts girls' physical activity behavior.a sample of 352 girls (mean age=8.7, sd=0.3 yr) participated in this study. to assess motor skill competence and perceived motor competence, each child completed the test of gross motor development-2 and physical ability sub-scale...