In this study the determinant of the average quadratic error matrix is used as the measure of state estimation efficiency. Minimizing this quantity gives us the optimal measurements in different scenarios. We present applications when von Neumann measurements or a single POVM are used, when there is no known information or a part of the parameters of the state is given. Under some restrictions ...

The treatments used by most doctors are considered conventional medicine. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) consists of a group of health care practices and products that are considered out of the mainstream. An “out-of-the-mainstream” treatment is considered complementary if you use it along with conventional medicine. Research shows that 40 percent of women in the United States use...

equitable distribution of health system resources has been a serious challenge for long ago among the health policy makers. conducted studies have mostly ever had emphasis on equality rather than equity. in this paper we have attempted to examine both equality and equity in resources distribution.this is an applied and descriptive study in which we plotted lorenz and concentration curves to des...

English for Specific Academic Purposes (ESAP) uses the results of needs analysis for curriculum development and materials production. ESAP courses should be based on students’ academic needs. Consequently, the present study investigated the English language needs of Iranian undergraduate students of Law. Participants included 218 undergraduate students, 33 graduate students, and 10 content teac...