A sequential radioimmunoassay procedure for unconjugated and conjugated estrone, estradiol-17 beta and estriol in male human plasma was developed. The blank values in this assay for unconjugated estrone, estradiol-17 beta, estriol conjugated estrone, estradiol-17 beta and conjugated estriol were 0.36 +/- 1.14 pg, 3.90 +/- 2.75 pg, 2.25 +/- 2.08 pg, 0.92 +/- 1.51 pg, 5.02 +/- 2.86 pg and 3.12 +/...

background: vaginal atrophy is a common complication in menopause which does not improve with time and, if untreated, can affect the quality of life for women. the aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the vaginal cream of hyaluronic acid and conjugated estrogen (premarin) in treatment of vaginal atrophy. methods: this study was a randomized controlled clinical trial on 56 menop...

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of chamomile vaginal gel on dyspareunia and sexual satisfaction in postmenopausal women. The phytoestrogenic properties of Matricaria chamomilla were the reason for selection of this plant. Materials and Methods: This double-blind clinical trial research was conducted on 96 eligible postmeno...

OBJECTIVE To assess pair-wise differences between placebo, estrogen, and each of three estrogen-progestin regimens on selected symptoms. METHODS This was a 3-year, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 875 postmenopausal women aged 45-64 years at baseline. Participants were assigned randomly to one of five groups: 1) placebo, 2) daily conjugated equine estrogens, 3) conjugate...

In general it is considered that conjugated estrogens are less active in vivo than the free form (1). This fact is attributed generally to the slow rate of hydrolysis of the conjugated form in the body or to an increased rate of excretion; however, it was shown recently (2) that pregnant and non-pregnant rats given S35-sodium estrone sulfate by subcutaneous injection rapidly excrete S35 as inor...

Estrogen is a potent inhibitor of osteoclastic bone resorption. After menopause, osteoclastic resorption is accelerated due to the decrease in endogenous estradiol levels. Hormone replacement can prevent bone loss and reduce risk of fractures [1–3]. However, use of estradiol and conjugated estrogens alone (estrogen therapy [ET]) or combined with progestins (estrogen progestin therapy [EPT]) may...

introduction: acute skin wound healing is a complicated process comprising various phases. recent animal studies have shown that steroid sex hormones such as estrogen maybe helpful in the regulation of several pathophysiologic stages that are involved in wound healing. in this study we examined the effects of topical estrogen in the treatment of traumatic facial wounds.   materials and methods:...

The obesity epidemic continues unabated and currently available pharmacological treatments are not sufficiently effective. Combining gut/brain peptide, GLP-1, with estrogen into a conjugate may represent a novel, safe and potent, strategy to treat diabesity. Here we demonstrate that the central administration of GLP-1-estrogen conjugate reduced food reward, food intake, and body weight in rats....