General Authority for Educational Buildings (GAEB) in Egypt is responsible for new construction and maintenance of the educational building [1]. According to the Sixth Five- Years Plan in Egypt, the program of educational structures includes new construction of about 2915 schools, with 39.8 thousand classes. Also, maintenance works for buildings about 1250 schools. These works needs a high budg...

Nowadays, in modern societies, growing activities in construction affairs and their economic development have been resulted construction wastes and so much demolition in the past three decades. Most of these wastes have not been treated and therefore caused severe damages to the environment. In this research, after reviewing construction and demolition management methods and their accesso...

in this paper, we construct two fuzzy sets using the notions of level subsets and strong level subsets of a given fuzzy set in a ring r. these fuzzy sets turn out to be identical and provide a universal construction of a fuzzy ideal generated by a given fuzzy set in a ring. using this construction and employing the technique of strong level subsets, we provide the shortest and direct fuzzy set ...

Background: One of the challenges in construction is the occurrence of numerous accidents. In this regard, risk assessment can play an important role in reducing accidents. The aim of this study was to prepare comprehensive and quantitative checklists to determine the potential hazards in the construction phase. Materials and Methods: The present descriptive and analytical study was carried ...

Increasing the population, urbanization has led to the rapid construction of buildings. Due to space constraints and an increase in land cost, these buildings are built too close to each other and can cause damage under dynamic actions such as earthquakes. A new technique, known as Structural coupling, has been developed recently, has found very effective in dissipating the dispersive vibration...