We argue that inadequately explained chronic dry eye-like symptoms reflect corneal hypersensitivity to tear evaporation (evaporative hyperalgesia) and those associated with the spectrum of disorders currently labeled as dry eye disease are consequences of neuropathic disorders of the corneal trigeminal nociceptive pathways in which clinical manifestations are determined by the location and down...

Corneal endothelial dysfunction is a major cause of visual impairment, since these cells maintain corneal transparency. Although surgical techniques have been developed to replace abnormal corneal endothelium, these procedures are technically difficult and challenging due to a shortage of donor corneas. Regenerative medicine uses specially grown tissues to replace injured ones and has been succ...

Corneal ectasias include a group of disorders characterised by progressive thinning, bulging and distortion of the cornea. Keratoconus is the most common disease in this group. Other manifestations include pellucid marginal degeneration, Terrien's marginal degeneration, keratoglobus and ectasias following surgery. Advanced ectasias usually present with loss of vision due to high irregular astig...

The pertinent literature on inherited corneal diseases is reviewed in terms of the chromosomal localization and identification of the responsible genes. Disorders affecting the cornea have been mapped to human chromosome 1 (central crystalline corneal dystrophy, familial subepithelial corneal amyloidosis, early onset Fuchs dystrophy, posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy), chromosome 4 (Biet...

Neurotrophic keratitis (also called neurotrophic keratopathy) (NTK) is a degenerative disease of the cornea, accompanied with neurogenic inflammation. It caused by sensitive innervation loss trigeminal nerve and characterized reduced sensitivity cornea retardation its healing process. NTC-causing damage to can occur at different levels-from nucleus terminals located in be ocular systemic diseas...

PURPOSE We report the case of a 77-year-old man with no history of keratoconus or other ectatic disorders who presented with corneal hydrops in the setting of a corneal ulcer. The risk factors, pathogenesis and treatment options of corneal hydrops are discussed. METHOD This is an observational case report study. RESULTS A 77-year-old man presented with a 1-day history of severe pain, rednes...

Disorders of the anterior segment of the eye are leading causes of ocular morbidity. Such conditions include dry eye conditions, infections, traumas of various types, inflammatory reactions, hereditary disorders, and cataract. For a number of these patients, the rule is a continuous progression and aggravation of symptoms. The end stage is varying degrees of visual loss with or without pain. De...

LABORATORY DATA chromosomal assignment chromosome 5q localization gene, structural-functional anomalies gene analysis-DNA analysis TGFBI (CSD2) (CDGG1) (CSD) (BIGH3) transforming growth factor, beta-induced 68kD, gene chr.5q31 OCULAR DISORDERS corneal defects not including dystrophy isolated ocular defects: corneal dystrophy, isolated defects corneal dystrophy, isolated defect corneal dystrophy...