background: bisphosphonates (bps) are used extensively for managing the osteoporosis. there are some controversies on atypical fractures of femur that associated with increase in cortical thickness (ct) and bps' use. in this study, the effects of alendronate consumption were studied on femoral ct as a predictor for atypical fracture.   methods: forty nine post-menopausal women aged 50-70 years ...

statement of problem: impacts and accidents are considered as the main fac- tors in losing the teeth, so the analysis and design of the implants that they can be more resistant against impacts is very important. one of the important nu- merical methods having widespread application in various fields of engineering sciences is the finite element method. among its wide applications, the study of ...

patients with mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (melas) present with recurrent and partially reversible neurological deficits. lesions of melas classically cause a signal change in both the grey and white matter, predominantly in the occipital and parietal lobes. these lesions mimic infarction. here, we reported a case of melas with rare neuroimaging finding...

Eggs from the sea urchin, Lytechinus pictus, were injected with either EGTA or EDTA, and were subsequently fertilized. EGTA prevented cortical vesicle discharge and formation of the fertilization membrane. EDTA had either no effect, or sometimes retarded the elevation of the fertilization membrane, or reduced the percentage of eggs with elevated membranes. Theoretical considerations lead to est...

A biophysical cortico-colicular model of saccade initiation based on competitive integration of planned and reactive cortical saccade decision signals in the intermediate layer of the superior colliculus is introduced. The variable slopes of the climbing activities of the input cortical decision signals are produced from variability in the ionic and synaptic conductances of cortical neurons. Th...