Those who analyze political institutions often employ broad labels. They refer to democracy or authoritarianism; presidential or parliamentary governments; or to systems of plurality or proportional representation. In this paper, I refrain from addressing politics at this level and adopt an approach that is far more micro-in perspective. The approach I take can be referred to as " neo-classical...

the economic situation in the arab countries is due to several factors as the political crisis in a socio-economic vulnerability. political changes are usually accompanied by a drop in production, a deterioration of macroeconomic balances, a high level of poverty, an appearance of economic corruptions and a structural increase in unemployment. in addition, the expansion of terrorism is a main i...

1 Background Why are some countries rich and others poor? Since Solow (1956), the tentative answer has been differences in capital accumulation and technical change, but this was unsatisfactory since the theory failed to explain what accounts for these differences. Endogenous growth theories (Aghion and Howit 1992; Grossman and Helpman 1991; Romer 1990) emerged to answer the faithful call and a...

My core objectives with this project are: to provide a broad and theoretically well-grounded understanding of the formal and informal institutions, on the local, national, transnational and regional level, that are the best suited to prevent the escalation of conflict and maintain peace; to develop an in-depth understanding of how political, economic, social and cultural factors interact to cre...

Although China, Japan, and Korea have shared a common cultural tradition of broadly defined Confucianism, which as whole is quite different from the Western tradition, their modern fate diverged after the East came to contact with the West around the middle of the 19 century and throughout the 20 century, the three countries followed different paths for modernization, national building and indu...

National governments invest in research and development with the intention of creating new jobs and commodities and of stimulating economic growth. At the same time, science is becoming a truly global enterprise owing to the increased ease of international collaboration and communication between research groups and the global mobility of scientists themselves. The globalization of science and i...

In this article, the set of institutions which embody the form and contents of the economic system of Islam is introduced. By institutions, it is meant the economic freedoms, the government, ownership, motivation, the mechanism for coordinating economic activities, power, organization and bureaucracy. After explaining Islam’s outlook regarding these institutions, the form and the contents of th...

Development of knowledge based society carries multiple challenges to the higher education system. Some of the challenges laid before the higher education sector of countries which aspire to become knowledge based societies are: the entrepreneurial leadership of the higher education institutions, finding new sources of financing in order to minimize dependence on public resources, creating conn...

The paper examines the relationship between supplier network organization and regional economic development. A distinctive feature of the German economy is the existence of a large and productive base of small and medium companies, commonly called the Mittelstand. Chambers of Commerce, trade associations, local research institutes and other para-public institutions provide a public infrastructu...