after the victory of constitution revolution, the context became ready for creating new institutions. one of the main elements of these institutions was making people familiar with their social and political rights. thus establishment of parliament and political and social institutions in iran clarified the necessity of political and economic independence. as one of the major concerns of parlia...

In recent years, the interest in rational choice analysis of institutions has received substantial impetus from an accumulating body of evidence demonstrating the importance of a society’s institutions in determining its economic outcomes. Econometric studies have uncovered correlations between institutional variables such as the security of property rights, the rule of law, and trust, and econ...

We live in a culture of contest and protest. Our economic, political, and legal institutions are structured as contests. Our efforts to reform these institutions frequently are characterized by protest. This article examines the social and ecological implications of this culture of contest and protest. It begins by demonstrating that our economic, political, and legal institutions form an integ...

For the past two decades, distressed rural communities throughout the United States have been turning to prisons as a rural development strategy. In many cases, communities have competed fiercely for correctional facilities and have provided costly incentives in the way of tax abatements and infrastructure development. As financially strapped local governments are finding it difficult to fund l...

The economic situation in the Arab countries is due to several factors as the political crisis in a socio-economic vulnerability. Political changes are usually accompanied by a drop in production, a deterioration of macroeconomic balances, a high level of poverty, an appearance of economic corruptions and a structural increase in unemployment. In addition, the expansion of terrorism is a main i...