In this study, beryllium-copper alloy was subjected to around -150° F for cold treatment and to around -300° F for cryogenic treatment and the effects of these cold and cryogenic treatments on the machinability of beryllium-copper workpieces in electro discharge machining have been investigated. Experimental results showed about 20-30 % increase in material removal rate of cold and cryogenic tr...

-Electrical discharge machining (EDM) process, at present is still an experience process, wherein selected parameters are often far from the optimum, and at the same time selecting optimization parameters is costly and time consuming. In this paper cryogenic treatment is used for increasing the material removal rate and lowering the tool wear rate. cryogenic treatment is a process of keeping th...

This paper is a state-of-the-art review of the use of cryogenic cooling using liquefied gases in machining. The review is classified into two major categories namely, cryogenic processing and cryogenic machining. In cryogenic processing also known as cryo-processing the cutting tool material is subjected to cryogenic temperatures as a part of its heat treatment process. The majority of the repo...

Cryogenic treatment (CT) is the supplementary process to conventional heat treatment process in steels, by deep–freezing materials at cryogenic temperatures to enhance the mechanical and physical properties of materials being treated. Cryogenic treatment (CT) of materials has shown significant improvement in their properties .Various advantages like increase in hardness, increase in wear resist...

The word, “Cryogenics” is taken from two Greek words – “kryos” which means cold or freezing, and “genes” meaning born or generated. Technologically, it means the study and use of materials (or other requirements) at very low temperatures. In general cryogenic treatment consists of slow cooling already heat treated part to approximately -196C, holding at low temperature up to prescribed period, ...

17-4ph stainless steel is a martensitic precipitation hardening stainless steel that provides an outstandingcombination of high strength, good corrosion resistance, good mechanical properties, good toughness in both base metal and welds, and short time, low-temperature heat treatments that minimize warpage and scaling. this valuable alloy is widely used in the aerospace, nuclear, chemical, petr...

smirnovia iranica (sabeti) synonym: smirnovia turkestana (bunge) is a deciduous perennial bushy species of the fabaceae (papilionaceae) family. the species grow on sand dunes of desert areas, having a deep vertical root and very long horizontal or lateral roots. they have an important role in natural vegetation of desert and sand dune stabilization. limited growing areas, grazing due to good pa...

In this paper effect of cryogenic treatment on mechanical properties of cold work tool steels at various combination of heat treatment cycle (process sequence) are studied. The material selected for these processes are AISI D2 and D3.Cryogenic treatment is commonly referred as cryotreatment, is an add-on process to the conventional heat treatment of tool steel. Cryogenic treatment improves hard...

Cryogenic treatment, like the freeze-thaw process, has been reported to be effective in modifying the physicochemical properties of polymeric hydrogels. However, not much attention has been paid to this process in terms of the precipitation of surfactant-water systems. In this study, two effective cryogenic methodologies were successfully reported to alter the physicochemical properties of a pr...

Smirnovia iranica (Sabeti) synonym: Smirnovia turkestana (Bunge) is a deciduous perennial bushy species of the Fabaceae (Papilionaceae) family. The species grow on sand dunes of desert areas, having a deep vertical root and very long horizontal or lateral roots. They have an important role in natural vegetation of desert and sand dune stabilization. Limited growing areas, grazing due to good pa...