Fully reversed stress-controlled tension–compression fatigue experiments (R = −1) were conducted to study the cyclic deformation and behavior of 7075-T651 aluminum alloys with without a surface mechanical rolling treatment (SMRT). The strain amplitude, ratcheting effect, asymmetric base metal (BM) SMRT specimens analyzed. showed more remarkable effects asymmetry under high stresses. Fatigue tes...

Cryomicroscopy of protoplasts isolated from nonacclimated (NA) rye leaves (Secale cereale L. cv Puma) revealed that the predominant form of injury following cooling to the minimum temperature for 50% survival (LT(50)) (-5 degrees C) was expansion-induced lysis of the plasma membrane during warming and thawing of the suspending medium when the decreasing osmolality resulted in osmotic expansion ...

SUMMARY This paper explores growth and competitive advantage in CEE software firms; it looks at the role of strategic partnerships and industry (spillover) effects. The empirical analysis is based on survey data from 224 software firms from six CEE countries (Bulgaria, Czech R, Estonia, Serbia, Slovenia, Romania). The results of the descriptive analysis are interpreted from the perspective of t...

Given the complex process condition, extruded aluminum (Al) alloy tubes show locally pronounced differences in microstructure and mechanical properties, which can be influenced by subsequent heat treatment. In present study, cyclic indentation tests (CITs) were conducted on Al EN AW-6082 to determine hardness hardening potential, was complemented with light optical microscopy. To analyze influe...

OBJECTIVE we investigated effects of different regimens of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on mammographic density. METHODS ninety-five postmenopausal women, who were on different HRT regimens and completed their 4-year mammographic follow-up, were included into this retrospective and comparative study. Twenty-three of these women, who had surgical menopause, received conjugated equine estr...

Standard hormone therapy for menopausal women [conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) 0.625 mg] has been associated with increased risk of venous thrombosis. Regimens containing a lower CEE dose (0.30 mg) have been used clinically to decrease side effects of supraphysiologic doses of estrogen. In this study, we determined the effects of standard (SD) and low dose (LD) of CEE on venular function in ov...

OBJECTIVE This study determined whether two different formulations of hormone therapy (HT): oral conjugated equine estrogens (o-CEE; 0.45 mg/d, n = 209), transdermal 17β-estradiol (t-E2; 50 μg/d, n = 201) plus cyclic progesterone (Prometrium, 200 mg) or placebo (PBO, n = 243) affected sleep domains in participants of the Kronos Early Estrogen Prevention Study. METHODS Participants completed t...

Testosterone has been added to hormone replacement therapy to treat sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal women. Whereas estrogen has been associated with vascular protection, the vascular effects of testosterone are contradictory and the effects of its association with estrogen are largely unknown. In this study we determined the effects of testosterone associated with conjugated equine estroge...