Specific cytotoxic thymus-derived (T) lymphocytes were detected in the cervical lymph nodes and spleen during influenza infection of mice. The cytotoxic T cells can distinguish target cells infected with different influenza A subtypes. Infection with parent viruses and their recombinant progeny possessing the hemagglutinin of one parent and the neuraminidase of the other demonstrated that sign...

Conventional treatment for cancer such as surgical resection and chemotherapy can cause damage in cases with advanced cancers. Moreover, the identification of tumor-specific targets has great importance in T-cell therapies. For decades, T cell activity has been stimulated to improve anti-tumor activity. Bispecific antibodies have attracted strong interest from pharmaceutical companies, for thei...

This report examines the requirement for infectious virus in the induction of influenza virus-specific cytotoxic T cells. Infectious influenza virus was found to be highly efficient at generating both primary and secondary cytotoxic T-cell response in vivo. Inactivated influenza virus however, failed to stimulate a detectable cytotoxic T-cell response in vivo even at immunizing doses 10(5)-10(6...

Purified type A influenza viral hemagglutinin stimulates an in vitro cell-mediated cytotoxic cell response that exhibits a high degree of specificity for the immunizing hemagglutinin. The response magnitude is proportional to the hemagglutinin dose used for stimulation. The lytic activity of the effector cells is H-2 restricted. Analysis of the specificity of the response indicated that these c...

abstract cytotoxic effect of extract leaves of t. kotschyanus boiss. & hohen on human lang cell. t. kotschyanus boiss. & hohen was used in traditional medicine such as anti-inflammation, antispasmodic and gastrointestinal aim of this study was to survey the cytotoxic effects the of ethanol of leave of thymus kotschyanus on a-549 cell line. t. kotschyanus was collected on spring 2014 from selsel...

the immune responses that develop following epstien-barr virus (ebv) infection are complex and involve both humoral and to a greater extent cell-mediated immune mechanisms. to evaluate the immune response, flow cytometric analysis of the peripheral blood of six patients during the acute phase of ebv infection was performed. this analysis revealed a significant increase in the percentages and th...

Single-stranded RNA stimulates immune cells and induces the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and type I IFN. As adjuvant RNA can induce a T(h)2 type of humoral response, however, its potency in the induction of cytotoxic T cells in vivo has not been analyzed. Here we show that immunization with the antigen ovalbumin (OVA) and the adjuvant phosphodiester RNA complexed to the cationic lipi...