The hierarchical routing protocols based on clusters rely fundamentally on their CHs for data aggregation and routing. They are vulnerable to several attacks, such as Hello flood, Selective forwarding, replay, etc; attacks involving CH are the most damaging. If a malicious node managed to become a CH, it can launch attacks to disrupt the network operation. Note that, the malicious node can choo...

Not only are Databases an integral and critical part of many information systems, they are critical information assets to many business enterprises. However, the network and host intrusion detection systems most enterprises use to detect attacks against their information systems cannot detect transaction-level attacks against databases. Transaction-level attacks often come from authorized users...

Flood is one of the most damaging natural disasters as recent floods have shown their serious impact on Pakistan. control and regulation policies are essential to reduce risks economic downturn, a threat human existence, sustain ecology. The severity flood catastrophe activities represents constant severe issue in world. Floods rising year by duration, causing negative impacts social conditions...

surat is a highly developed, thickly populated cosmopolitan character city with full of various activities going on day and night. any natural calamity which causes loss of lives to property and infrastructure along with effects on industrial processes going on has serious impact on economy of the state. therefore, it becomes highly necessary that flood events are studied and analyzed properly ...

We examine the impact of flooding in Pakistan on child health using satellite data and two household datasets. Flooding may influence health, as measured by weight-for-height z-score, through key channels. First, excessive flood waters can catalyze spread diarrheal disease, negatively impacting health. Second, — even when damaging some areas provide water to rice paddies other agriculture, incr...

A study of the effects of human modification of a coastal plain mainly involving land reclamation and flood protection is proposed. The approach involves historical, geomorphological and hydrological data as a whole, taking into account the equilibrium of rivers, plains and coastal areas. The test area, a telling example of profound economic and social transformation of a coastal plain, is the ...

Multi-disasters took place in the Mampituba River basin, southern Brazil, as a consequence of passing two cyclones, July 2020. The first one was bomb cyclone that caused several storm winds, damaging rooftops and overthrow countless trees. second an extratropical brought extreme precipitation, triggered debris flow, flood, woody floods. In study area, there are National Parks (Aparados da Serra...

The study points out the need for third party intervention in promoting the livelihood patterns which are less exposed to the damaging effects of flood. Self-employment in small business or trading is a good option for households to supplement their streams of income. But such business even though required small capital, required at least some degree of training and skills development. Therefor...

Since the early 1900s, the federal land management agencies—the Forest Service in particular—have focused their wildfire management efforts on suppression. A century of wildfire suppression policy has created a buildup of natural fuels in the Nation’s forests that contribute to larger, more damaging fires today. This, coupled with the rapid development of the Wildland-Urban Interface, makes tod...