This paper analyzes the dependence pattern of net debts inflows on sovereign rating and fiscal balance, accounting for productivity growth rate. The cross-section evidence a sample 149 economies period from 1990 to 2019 uncovers that higher rating, lower balance or is associated with more inflows. Thus, flows are underlined by store wealth accumulation across economies. Moreover, there exists n...

Iraqi loans stood out because of their unique characteristics. The international blockade in 1991, the occupation 2003, and actions puppet administrations were among many events that contributed to this debt, with first two being most significant. corruption faces. Due these policies, Iraq is currently undergoing debt restructuring under supervision guidelines IMF. goal research was examine cau...

The debts’ clearing problem is about clearing all the debts in a group of n entities (eg. persons, companies) using a minimal number of money transaction operations. In a previous paper we conjectured the problem to be NP-complete. In this paper we prove that it is NP-hard in the strong sense and also NP-easy. We also show the same results for a restricted version of the problem.

Providers should adopt strategies to make sure that both their claimed and not yet claimed Medicare bad debts will be reimbursed. For periods going forward, providers that are not protected by the bad debt moratorium should make sure they have a bad debt policy in place that complies with CMS's current policies.

This Article reviews the history of sovereign debt restructuring operations with private sector creditors with a view toward diagnosing the factors that lead to inferior outcomes. The Article also attempts to forecast potential problems that may arise in sovereign debt restructuring negotiations in the future and reviews possible modifications of existing institutions. The future potential prob...

This paper reviews the lessons learned from the application of the tools of game theory to the theoretical study of sovereign debt and default. We focus on two main questions. First, we review answers to the most fundamental question in the theory of sovereign debt: given that there is no supranational institution for enforcing the repayment of debts, why do countries ever repay their debts? Se...