RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Surgical planning now routinely uses both two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) models that integrate data from multiple imaging modalities, each highlighting one or more aspects of morphology or function. We performed a preliminary evaluation of the use of spherical harmonics (SH) in approximating the 3D shape and estimating the volume of brain tumors of vary...

To extract intense ion beams with good beam optics from sources, controlling the distance deff between plasma meniscus (i.e., emission surface) and extraction grid is important. This study conducts a novel investigation into dependence of effective on amount surface H- production SH-. For this purpose, 3D PIC (three dimensional Particle-in-Cell) simulation conducted to obtain model geometry reg...

Abstract In this paper, we analyse how the combination of fault zone shape and material properties affects propagation seismic waves in a two-dimensional domain. We focus on SH wave through several faults with different thicknesses bending radii, but theory is easily generalized to three-dimensional case. show density energy released mostly function radius does not depend velocity inside zone.

is its closed normal subgroup, [Sh], [Ka]. The group Aut∗k k [n] is an infinite dimensional simple algebraic group, [Sh]. If D is a locally nilpotent k-derivation of k, then it is easily seen that exp tD ∈ Aut∗k k [n] for any t ∈ k, so D lies in Lie(Aut∗k k ). It follows from [BB1], [BB2] that n − 1 is the maximum of dimensions of algebraic tori contained in Aut∗k k , and that every algebraic t...

We demonstrate that a giant spin Hall effect (SHE) can be induced by introducing a small amount of Bi impurities in Cu. Our analysis, based on a new three-dimensional finite element treatment of spin transport, shows that the sign of the SHE induced by the Bi impurities is negative and its spin Hall (SH) angle amounts to -0.24. Such a negative large SH angle in CuBi alloys can be explained by a...

Nestin, a class VI intermediate filament protein, was originally described as a neuronal stem cell marker during central nervous system development. Nestin is expressed in gliomas, and its expression levels are higher in gliomas with high WHO histopathological classification grades than in those with low grades. In the present study, we examined whether nestin regulates the biological activitie...

Wave scattering analysis implemented by boundary element methods (BEM) and the normal mode expansion technique is used to study the sizing potential of two-dimensional shaped defects in a wave guide. Surface breaking halfelliptical shaped defects of three opening lengths (0.3, 6.35 and 12.7 mm) and through-wall depths of 10–90% on a 10 mm thick steel plate were considered. The reflection and tr...

PURPOSE To evaluate SH U 555 C for contrast material-enhanced three-dimensional magnetic resonance (MR) angiography of the chest and myocardial perfusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS For chest MR angiography, SH U 555 C was intravenously injected at four doses (5, 10, 20, and 40 micromol iron [Fe] per kilogram of body weight) into three healthy volunteers per dose group, and placebo (saline) was in...

Oxygen transport resistance at the air flow channel and gas diffusion layer (GDL) interface is needed in modelling the performance of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). This resistance is expressed through the non-dimensional Sherwood number (Sh). The effect of the presence of a droplet on Sh is studied numerically in an isolated air flow channel using a commercially available packag...