Introduction Organophosphate (OP) insecticides are commonly used in veterinary practice and public health (Coggon 2002; Jaga & Dharmani 2003; Wilson 2005). They induce poisoning in mammals and avian species by irreversible inhibition of cholinesterase (ChE) activity at the nerve terminals and neuromuscular junctions causing accumulation of acetylcholine. As a result of ChE inhibition, signs of ...

The present study was undertaken to examine the acute toxicity (LD50) and neurobehavioral manifestations in the open-field activity and tonic immobility tests in 7-14 day-old chicks treated with the H1-receptor antagonist diphenhydramine. Plasma and whole brain cholinesterase activities were also determined in the chicks. The LD50 of diphenhydramine in chicks was 49.3 mg/kg, intramuscularly (i....

BACKGROUND Diphenhydramine hydrochloride is a commonly prescribed medicine in hospitalized patients, but its adverse effects on older patients remain unclear. METHODS We enrolled 426 hospitalized medical patients aged 70 years or older in a prospective cohort study in a university hospital. Measurements included baseline and daily assessments including Mini-Mental State Examination scores, Co...

BACKGROUND This study was designed to examine the analgesic and dose-related antiemetic efficacy of diphenhydramine-morphine mixture for intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (PCA). METHODS Healthy women, undergoing abdominal total hysterectomy were recruited to this double-blinded randomized placebo-controlled study. Patients were randomly allocated to one of three groups (n=40 each). In ...

To elucidate the local anesthetic mechanism of diphenhydramine, its effects on tetrodotoxin-sensitive (TTX-S) and tetrodotoxin-resistant (TTX-R) sodium currents in rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons were examined by the whole-cell voltage clamp method. Diphenhydramine blocked TTX-S and TTX-R sodium currents with K(d) values of 48 and 86 microM, respectively, at a holding potential of -80 mV...

To determine whether neuronal histamine influences development of histamine H-1 receptors in the rat brain, neonates were given diphenhydramine, an H-1 antagonist, daily for the first 21 days of postnatal life. In control rats, specific H-1 binding of [3H]mepyramine in whole brain was low at birth and increased progressively toward adult levels by the end of the 3rd week. Animals treated with d...