This survey shows the social costs index resulting from drug abuse. drug social costs index measures the costs relating to drug abuse imposed to the society. this index could be one of the factors of reducing drug and also, measure the public policy effectiveness in relation to drug. the methodology has been used in this survey, is IILLNESSE COSTS method. on the basis of this method, all tangib...

abstract the problems caused by the traditional system of criminal justice (which are based on remuneration and rehabilitation) such as, lack of attention to victim’s rights and position and society, underlie the emergence of restorative justice which had the victim-centered perspective, with respect to the role of the offender and participation of civil society. meanwhile, criminal mediation ...

Background and objective: Flood damages and losses include a wide range of environmental, social and economic damages; therefore, all dimensions of flood damages need to be considered in the process of flood risk planning and management. The present research was conducted with the aim of introducing the integrated assessment framework in relation to damages incurred by flood considering four co...

Background and Aim: Burn injury as a devastating injury causing severe losses and early death. Treatment of burned patients is very expensive. The main purpose of this study was to calculate the economic burden of burn injuries in a hospital. Materials and Methods: This descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in in Taleghani hospital in Ahvaz, Iran, in 2015. A valid and reliable ...

abstract pragmatics is the study of communicative action in its sociocultural context. communicative action includes not only using speech acts (such as apologizing, complaining, complimenting, and requesting), but also engaging in different types of discourse and participating in speech events of varying length and complexity. the present study aimed to investigate the assessment of pragm...