Abstract This paper attempts to re-investigate the catching-up (stochastic convergence) hypothesis among the selected 16 OECD countries applying the time series approach of convergence hypothesis with annual data over one century. To reach this aim, we propose a model which specifies a trend function, incorporating both types of structural breaks – that is, sharp breaks and smooth shifts usin...

The definition of $L$-fuzzy Q-convergence spaces is presented by Pang and Fang in 2011. However, Cartesian-closedness of the category of $L$-fuzzy Q-convergence spaces is not investigated. This paper focuses on Cartesian-closedness of the category of $L$-fuzzy Q-convergence spaces, and it is shown that  the category $L$-$mathbf{QFCS}$ of $L$-fuzzy Q-convergence spaces is Cartesian-closed.

The issue of convergence or divergence of productivity has important policy for regional poverty reduction and increasing standards of living. If productivity converges to a common level without intervention, there is little need for explicit policies in lagging regions to promote catch up. On the other hand, productivity has divergence trend, then explicit policies would be needed to prevent f...

West Carpathian Mesozoic paleogeographic development indicates the effect of a left lateral shift of the Alpine- Carpathian microcontinent along the European shelf since the Early Jurassic. The evolution during Late Triassic/Early Jurassic was controlled by convergence along the border of the Meliata Ocean and by contemporaneous divergence along the Middle Atlantic/Penninic rift. During Mid-Cre...