We attach copies of the circle to points a subset D separable metric space X and construct an earring E ( , ) . show that fundamental group is isomorphic subgroup Hawaiian group, if simply-connected locally simply-connected. In addition path-connected, can be recovered from

This paper addresses the design considerations and critical evaluation of a novel embodiment for wearable photoplethysmography (PPG) comprising a magnetic earring sensor and wireless earpiece. The miniaturized sensor can be worn comfortably on the earlobe and contains an embedded accelerometer to provide motion reference for adaptive noise cancellation. The compact wireless earpiece provides an...

Let X be a metrizable one-dimensional continuum. In the present paper we describe the fundamental group of X as a subgroup of its Čech homotopy group. In particular, the elements of the Čech homotopy group are represented by sequences of words. Among these sequences the elements of the fundamental group are characterized by a simple stabilization condition. This description of the fundamental g...

Abstract Novel DNA nanostructures, locked pseudorotaxane and locked catenane were assembled through topological linkage of a double-stranded target to a circular oligodeoxyribonucleotide (cODN)(+). The formation of these supramolecular complexes occurs with remarkable sequence specificity and is accomplished via local opening of duplex DNA by a pair of homopyrimidine bis-PNAs. The obtained cO...

Ear piercing is a well-established cultural and fashion-related practice from ancient times. Most people do not realize the common complications involved: contact dermatitis, keloid formation, infection, lobular tissue loss from trauma, and tearing of the earlobe, most commonly from repeated mechanical stress from heavy earrings. Torn earlobes are also referred to as cleft or split earlobes. Sp...