In this second paper in a series of three we generalize the notions of fundamental group and Hawaiian earring . In the first paper [CC1] we generalized the notion of free group to that of a big free group. In the current article we generalize the notion of fundamental group by defining the big fundamental group of a topological space. We also describe big Hawaiian earrings, which are generaliza...

Piercing of the earlobes has been performed in both sexes for thousands of years for social, religious, and cosmetic purposes in the most primitive as well as the most affluent cultures. Ancient Indian writings’ describe the need for repair of the cleft earlobe. During the past decade, there has been a resurgence of body piercing by in both men and women. Body art in the form of multiple pierci...

OBJECTIVE To describe and evaluate an ear piercing and earring retention method for individuals with metal hypersensitivity. SETTING Private facial plastic surgery practice associated with a tertiary care medical center. METHODS Thirty-one patients with a history of hypersensitivity to metallic jewelry (62 ears) underwent earlobe piercing with an intravenous catheter. RESULTS None of the ...

Infrequent Non-Speech Gestural Activities (IGAs) such as coughing, deglutition and yawning help identify fine-grained physiological symptoms and chronic psychological conditions which are not directly observable from traditional daily activities.We propose a new wearable smart earring which is capable of differentiating IGAs in daily environment with single integrated accelerometer sensor signa...

Split earlobe usually results from sudden trauma or continuous use of heavy earrings. Among the various surgical techniques proposed for split earlobe correction, the choice will depend on the existing split, partial or total, and should offer a lower chance of recurrence. The total split corrections may be made with or without preservation of the earring orifi ce. Lobe fi xation during interve...

The use of gold for artefact productions underwent substantial developments during Iron Age in western Europe, with the diversification alloy compositions and introduction new technologies aesthetics. This work presents a detailed study Late earring from Iberian Peninsula discussion taking into consideration alloys used at time. has complex structure, composed block- strip-twisted wires granula...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Masses in the parotid tail can be a source of consternation to radiologists and clinicians; inaccurate localization may lead to significant iatrogenic complication. We sought to review the pertinent anatomic localizing features of the parotid tail, relevant facial nerve anatomy, and sources of clinical and radiologic confusion. To conclude, we review imaging features that...

In this paper we study the combinatorial structure of the Hawaiian earring group, by showing that it can be represented as a group of transfinite words on a countably infinite alphabet exactly analogously to the representation of a finite rank free group as finite words on a finite alphabet. We define a big free group similarly as the group of transfinite words on given set, and study their gro...