Neuromodulation is a process of inhibition, stimulation, modification and regulation or therapeutic alteration of activity, electrically and chemically in the peripheral, central or autonomic nervous systems. Direct electric current or electric field alternates the function of nervous system. Coupling the human organism with the Earth directly or via a wire conductor changes the electric potent...

The prologue of new High Voltage (HV) transmission mains into the community necessitates earthing design to ensure safety compliance of the system. Concrete poles are widely used within HV transmission mains; many retired transmission mains with timber poles are being replaced with concrete ones, green transmission mains are deploying concrete poles. The earthing arrangement of the concrete pol...

Environmental medicine generally addresses environmental factors with a negative impact on human health. However, emerging scientific research has revealed a surprisingly positive and overlooked environmental factor on health: direct physical contact with the vast supply of electrons on the surface of the Earth. Modern lifestyle separates humans from such contact. The research suggests that thi...

This paper investigates the effects of breaks in bonds, breaks in the earthing system and breaks in earth wire on the rise of the earth potential (EPR) in a substation and at the transmission tower bases using various models of an L6 tower. Different approaches were adopted to examine the integrity of the earthing system and the terminal towers. These effects were investigated to see the associ...

This paper presents the design of earthing system for 132 KV substation and simulation for calculation of required parameters. This paper is to provide information pertinent to safe earthing practices in ac substation design and to establish the safe limits of potential difference under normal and fault conditions. The grounding grid system of a practical 220 kV substation is calculated by MATL...

1.3 MAKING A MEASUREMENT ........................................................................................................................................... 1.3.1 PRINCIPLES...............................................................................................................................................................4 1.3.2 SOIL RESISTIVITY TESTING PROCEDURE GUIDELINES ......

Two main causes of such induced voltages in the shield are: time-varying magnetic flux and potential difference at the cable connections with the earthing system. It has been shown in that both components of the voltage along shield, due to ground potential difference and field coupling, are significant and moreover that they cancel each other. As a consequence, it is possible to optimize the d...

Computer modeling with the EMTP code has been applied to several configurations and earthing practices in use in various countries to show the effect of any differences in the dispersion (sharing) of a lightning stroke current among the available paths for the earth-seeking lightning current. Simplifying assumptions have been made to some details of the configurations to focus on the main diffe...

Earthing system is an essential part of electrical installation as it helps in eliminating shock hazards and also provide zero voltage reference point for the equipment. Design earthing involves, measurement soil resistivity proposed site electrode & determining conductor type required number earth electrodes order to achieve resistance value. This paper describes methodology followed desig...