Previous research (12) showed that connecting the human body to the earth during sleep normalizes circadian cortisol profiles and reduces or eliminates various subjectively reported symptoms, including sleep dysfunction, pain and stress. We therefore hypothesized that earthing might also influence other aspects of physiology. Fifty-eight healthy adult subjects (30 controls) participated in a do...

OBJECTIVES This study was designed to answer the question: Does the contact of the human organism with the Earth via a copper conductor affect physiologic processes? Subjects and experiments: Five (5) experiments are presented: experiment 1-effect of earthing on calcium-phosphate homeostasis and serum concentrations of iron (N = 84 participants); experiment 2-effect of earthing on serum concent...

This paper presents an earthing resistance tester that uses resonant circuit technology to operate with a simple earthing electrode and without auxiliary electrodes. The measurement mechanism is analyzed using an earth return circuit model. The earthing electrode being tested, a lead wire, a return wire and the soil itself comprise the earth return circuit (LRC serial circuit). The requirements...

In the paper the methodology and test results of field and laboratory corrosion tests of steel earthing rods with zinc galvanized coatings and copperbonded coatings are described. The corrosion rate and level of corrosion damage of earthing rods with two different protective coatings have been compared as well some conclusions related to reliability and assessment of technical “life time” of st...

-High Voltage (HV) substation forms important assets for the mining industries. The existences of these substations necessitate earthing design to ensure safety compliance to the mine regulations. The HV system within the mines is consisted of multiple substations which are connected throughout and underground cable. These substations provide the load with the required electrical power to perfo...

This paper presents, tests and compares three earthing systems (TT, TN and IT) for Micro-Grid (MG) protection against various fault types during the connected mode. The main contribution of this work is including the models of all the micro sources which interfaced to the MG by power electronic inverters. Inverters in turns are provided with current limiters and this also included in the invert...

-A number of impulse investigations on earthing systems have been performed in the field [1-6]. The studies were conducted on a few types of earth electrode: vertical rods, horizontal electrodes and the mesh and other geometries of electrodes. The type selected may depend on the type of soil encountered and the available depth or area available. Impulse voltages of up to 3MV with impulse curren...

“Geomagnetically induced currents” (GIC) in ground-based technological networks are a manifestation of space weather. GIC are a potential source of problems to the systems and therefore important in practice. GIC in a power system (or in principle in any other discretely-earthed system) can be calculated conveniently by using matrix equations presented earlier. Since temporal variations associa...

Power substations in an urban area are interconnected by high voltage underground power cables, resulting also in interconnections of their earthing grids through cable metallic screens/sheaths. Most modern power cables with XLPE insulated core have metallic screens which are practically insulated from ground. These screens can only be (and usually are) grounded at cable ends and therefore do n...

The need for a TT System There are occasions when the electrical supplier will not provide a means of earthing with a new electrical supply to a building. This is quite acceptable, as regulation 24 (4) the Electricity, Safety, Quality and Continuity Regulations (ESQCR) states that if the supplier can reasonably conclude that it is appropriate, for reasons of safety, then a means of earthing cou...