Nat iona l and international economic policy has usually ignored the environment. In areas where the environment is beginning to impinge on policy, as in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), it remains a tangential concern, and the presumption is often made that economic growth and economic liberalization (including the liberaliz...

The post-communist transition was associated with two specific phenomena. First, political liberalization was initiated simultaneously with economic reforms. Second, instead of a short Jshaped adjustment, most transition countries experienced deep and protracted recessions. Some analysts suggest that the early introduction of democracy was in fact harmful for economic growth. Similarly, propone...

One of the disputed consequences of global economic integration is the possible effect that foreign economic liberalization exerts on social cohesion. Proponents of commercial liberalism see stabilization as an indirect consequence of growing economic interdependence, while globalization critics are much more skeptical. They expect, at least during the liberalization process, destabilizing effe...

The goal of this study is to investigate the effect of trade liberalization on economic growth in Iranian economy using a Cobb–Douglas production function, which is expanded to take into account political instability and trade liberalization. The empirical results show that in the long run the real export and import duty have positive effect on GDP, while the Labor force and education causes to...

systematic and widespread corruption; a problem in russia’s transition period russia is among those countries that are grappled with widespread and systematic corruption in state organizations. meanwhile, different russian governments have failed to reduce the scope of corruption. this article studies nature, roots and repercussions of corruption and analyzes approaches to combat it in russia. ...

one of the most controversial aspects of financial markets is capital market liberalization of course not so liberalization under the rules of governmental severities. based on financial theories there are a number of reasons , that capital flows openness should lead to increases in economic growth. on the other hand most economists believe that the cost of openness outweigh the benefits , such...

This paper examines how political ideology influenced economic freedom in the Canadian provinces. We analyze the dataset of economic freedom indicators compiled by the Fraser Institute in 10 Canadian provinces over the 1981-2005 period and introduce two different indices of political ideology: government and parliament ideology. The results suggest that government ideology influenced labor mark...