Embedding methods such as word embedding have become pillars for many applications containing discrete structures. Conventional embedding methods directly associate each symbol with a continuous embedding vector, which is equivalent to applying linear transformation based on “one-hot” encoding of the discrete symbols. Despite its simplicity, such approach yields number of parameters that grows ...

In this study, the focus was on the use of ternary tree over binary tree. Here, a new two pass Algorithm for encoding Huffman ternary tree codes was implemented. In this algorithm we tried to find out the codeword length of the symbol. Here I used the concept of Huffman encoding. Huffman encoding was a two pass problem. Here the first pass was to collect the letter frequencies. You need to use ...

The analyses of the General Social Survey data from 1974 to 2000 replicate earlier findings from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth that racial disparity in earnings disappears once cognitive ability is controlled for. The results are robust across many alternative specifications, and further show that blacks receive significantly greater returns to their cognitive ability than nonblacks...

Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) is a 100 megabits per second ber optic local area network (LAN) standard being developed by the American National Standard Institute (ANSI). We analyze the impact of various design decisions on the error detection capability of the protocol. In particular, we quantify frame error rate, token loss rate, and undetected error rate. Several characteristics of...

| A multiple access communication scheme using wavelet-based orthogonal codes is described. The message bit stream in each channel is encoded as a sequence of time-shifted replicates of a mother wavelet symbol at a particular scale. Diierent channels use the same wavelet symbol but a diierent scale. The messages are decod-able if the time-shifted and dilated replicates of the wavelet symbol use...

This paper presents a new absolute position measurement method using pseudo-random binary sequences. This encoding technique has the notable advantage of requiring only one code-symbol per quantization interval. This compact encoding method offers an economical solution to very-highresolution absolute position applications: shaft encoders, linear encoders, and "automated guided vehicle" (AGV) n...

The maximum likelihood detection theory improves the error rate of a sub-optimal but cheaper, coded symbol recovery loop using oversampling proposed as an alternate solution for decoding problem without log-likelihood ratio computation. former implementation delivers output data in one-symbol delay, and required transistor count makes this approach attractive ultra-low-energy wireless applicati...

In this paper, the algorithm and architecture of a variable-length-code (VLC) codec system using a new group-based approach and achieving full table programmability are presented. According to the proposed codeword grouping and symbol memory mapping, both group searching and encoding/decoding procedures are completed by applying numerical properties and arithmetic operations to codewords and sy...