windows have a major role on absorbing solar energy, reducing heat loses, and adding their values in traditional houses in ardabil. the main aim of this research is to study windows as elements of beautification and production of clean and free energy. we discern that windows can be designed to respond to the regional climates. to explore that, we review four samples of the windows in the famou...

The correspondence between the thermodynamic energy equation satisfied by a closed comoving volume and conservation energy-momentum tensor of matter inside is extended to more general system with an arbitrary cosmological horizon heat source. consisting internal could be conserved defining surface on horizons. Therefore, can always consistent for such system. On other hand, from perspective cla...

the limitation of energy resources and its considerable consumption growth in iran has doubled the necessity of optimization and conservation of energy in the country compared to the average consumption rate of energy in the world and also because of high consumption rate's adverse effects in the environment. heating systems are among the main consumers of energy and using a high efficienc...

One of the major goals of the Sustainable Agriculture Farming initiatives at UC Davis is to provide information about the feasibility of adopting conservation tillage and cover cropping at the farm level. The project includes two tillage schemes: standard tillage (ST) and conservation tillage (CT), and three farming methods: conventional, organic, and winter legume cover crop. All three product...

Climate change has resulted in increased vulnerability of smallholder farmers in marginal areas of Zimbabwe where there is limited capacity to adapt to changing climate. One approach that has been used to adapt to changing climate is in-field water harvesting for improved crop yields in the semi- arid regions of Zimbabwe. This review analyses the history of soil and water conservation in Zimbab...

Network throughput and energy conservation are two conflicting important performance metrics for wireless sensor networks. Since these two objectives are in conflict with each other, it is difficult to achieve them simultaneously. In this paper, a joint duty cycle scheduling and energy aware routing approach is proposed based on evolutionary game theory which is called DREG. Making a trade-off ...

We examine the design of regulatory policy to induce electric utilities to deliver the surplus-maximizing level of energy efficiency services, e∗. The rebound effect (whereby increased energy efficiency stimulates the demand for energy) typically renders revenue decoupling insufficient in this regard. The additional financial incentive required to induce e∗ is shown to vary with such factors as...

abstract in order to assess the environmental impact of agricultural activity, the long-term sustainability should be considered. in order to achieve solutions to reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions in the production of rainfed sunflower, this assessment was conducted in the north east of iran. four production methods, i.e. conventional tillage (ct), tow reduced tillages (rt1and rt2)...

Despite their ambiguous historical record, conservation/development interventions the world over have remained a popular environmental governance tool. One of the latest global ‘trends’ are interventions to establish so-called ‘Transfrontier Conservation Areas’ (TFCAs): large contiguous spaces that are principally aimed at conserving biological diversity across national boundaries. In line with...