نتایج جستجو برای: energy cost share
تعداد نتایج: 1115217 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
this paper demonstrates a method to how reserve capacity and cost allocation could be determined in a pool-based and disaggregated market model. the method considers both the spinning reserve and interruptible loads as the operating reserve services. in the proposed market, generators and consumers (including participation of interruptible loads) submit offers and bids to the independent system...
Current conventional agricultural systems using intensive energy have to be revitalized through new integrated approaches relying on renewable energy resources, which can allow farmers to stop dependence on fossil resources. The aim of this study was determining the amount of input–output energy used in onion (Allium cepa L.) production in Khorasan Razavi province. For this purpose, the data wa...
Cost of cement producing all over the world depends on to the level of wages, energy cost and availability of raw materials. By investigating financial statements of various companies at the stock market, the share of electrical and fuel costs are nearly 27 percent of total costs and this plays the important role in right management of energy consumption. In this regard mathematics modeling and...
in this study, 10 normal volunteers and 5 sports-trained paraplegics with lesions between t6 and l2 were studied whilst walking with axillary crutches and knee-anlde-foot orthoses. all subjects walked at their preferred speed on a figureof- eight track. normal subjects also walked at slower and faster speeds. oxygen consumption, heart rate and rating of perceived exertion were measured. in norm...
the continuous improvement of eaf performance is crucial for the increase in productivity and cost effectiveness and to render an environmental friendly process. rhi supports these targets by providing a diverse range of refractory and process solutions. chemical energy in practical operation by injection of gaseous media like oxygen and natural gas, and solid materials like carbon have become ...
The identification of the most important factors affecting energy intensity with the aim of controlling and managing energy consumption is an important topic. Findings of different empirical studies on the factors affecting energy intensity are inconsistent and this raises uncertainty about the employed models. One of the techniques that conform to these uncertainty conditions of the model is t...
Reducing fossil energy resources and increasing greenhouse gases necessitate the need of clean sources of energy. One of the sources of renewable energy is wind power which has been developed in recent years. Sometimes, wind power in peak hours does not respond. Hence, a storage system and backup power for such power plants seem necessary. In this study, a hybrid system, consisting of electroly...
The identification of the most important factors affecting energy intensity with the aim of controlling and managing energy consumption is an important topic. Findings of different empirical studies on the factors affecting energy intensity are inconsistent and this raises uncertainty about the employed models. One of the techniques that conform to these uncertainty conditions of the model is t...
Abstract One of the important issues related to the production and use of inputs, is the Study of the possibility of substitution between inputs. Substitution of energy with other inputs due to its special features such as, finitude, abundance and the accrue of subsidies to energy carriers in Iran, is important. The main purpose of the present paper, is the Study of the effects of Realizing ...
open local energy requirements, the need for regional energy planning in the process of macro-planning can make significant energy. in this respect, the outer part of the direct effects of energy production and consumption locally effective, less energy planning processes will be huge. in this paper, the issue of continuity of energy supply, long-term access to resources and lower emissions fro...
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