This article reviews the economics literature on monitoring and enforcement of environmental policy. In the last few years there has been a rapid growth in both theoretical developments and empirical studies of monitoring and enforcement. Various factors have contributed to this growth, including (1) the growth of the law and economics literature and its interest in issues of law enforcement an...

Modern societies rely on both formal and social mechanisms to enforce social norms of behavior. Formal enforcement mechanisms rely on monetary or other tangible incentives while social enforcement mechanisms rely on some form of social judgment involving informal sanctions. We experimentally investigate the extent to which social observability and the possibility of social judgment affect indiv...

Usage control is a generalisation of access control addressing how data is to be handled after it has been released. To control the data handling enforcement mechanisms have to be in place where the data is being used. These enforcement mechanisms can be implemented on different layers of the system. One way to do the enforcement is on the application layer. This paper describes how usage contr...

WMD proliferation tends to be regarded as falling squarely in the domain of diplomatic/military affairs; rarely is a proliferation problem handled exclusively or even primarily as a law enforcement matter. This essay asserts that international law enforcement need not displace nonlegal responses to proliferation, but criminal law mechanisms should be available at maximum strength; their absence...

This Essay formulates a positive model that predicts when commercial parties will employ private ordering to enforce their agreements. The typical enforcement mechanism associated with private ordering is the reputation mechanism, in which a merchant community punishes parties in breach of contract by denying them future business. The growing private ordering literature argues that these privat...

Recent security concerns related to future embedded systems make enforcement of security requirements one of the most critical phases when designing such systems. This paper introduces an approach for efficient enforcement of security requirements based on argumentative logic, especially reasoning about activation or deactivation of different security mechanisms under certain functional and non...

Abstract This paper provides counterexamples for the slack enforcement mechanisms to handle segmented self-suspending real-time tasks by Lakshmanan and Rajkumar (Proceedings of Real-Time Embedded Technology Applications Symposium (RTAS), pp 3–12, 2010).