Character displacement is typically identified by comparing phenotypic differences in sympatry and allopatry. Recently, however, Goldberg and Lande (2006) pointed out that when phenotypic characters vary along an environmental gradient, the standard approach may fail to identify sympatric character divergence. Here we present a general analytical procedure for identifying sympatric character di...

The principal component analysis (PCA) is used to identify the most influencing variable. It one of statistical techniques for reducing dimension data. study was conducted in Coimbatore district, Tamil Nadu with 340 profile points. More than 30 environmental covariates are available this analysis. To make easier and accurate data has be reduced. components (PC1, PC2, PC3 PC4) selected further w...

tires represent a critical spare part in mines. there is a shortage of medium and large tires. in addition, with increased mining activities and the creation of new mines, the demand for tires has increased significantly. thus, it is particularly important for mining engineers to identify tire characteristics and correctly manage the spare part inventory. spare parts management is critical from...

Predicting the performance of new plant genotypes under environmental conditions could accelerate development locally adapted and climate resilient cultivars. Enabling these predictions may rely on extending genomewide prediction framework to include covariates (EC), but such models have generally been tested limited, less breeding-realistic contexts. Using a barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) multi-e...

MOTIVATION The human microbiome plays an important role in human disease and health. Identification of factors that affect the microbiome composition can provide insights into disease mechanism as well as suggest ways to modulate the microbiome composition for therapeutical purposes. Distance-based statistical tests have been applied to test the association of microbiome composition with enviro...

The importance of multispecies models for understanding complex ecological processes and interactions is beginning to be realized. Recent developments, such as those by Lahoz-Monfort et al. (2011), have enabled synchrony in demographic parameters across multiple species to be explored. Species in a similar environment would be expected to be subject to similar exogenous factors, although their ...

To determine the genetic etiology of complex diseases, a common study design is to recruit affected sib/relative pairs (ASP/ARP) and evaluate their genome-wide distribution of identical by descent (IBD)-sharing using a set of highly polymorphic markers. Other attributes or environmental exposures of the ASP/ARP, which are thought to affect liability to disease, are sometimes collected. Conceiva...