Two ice cores, covering 1500 years of climatic information, from the summit (5670 meters) of the tropical Quelccaya ice cap, in the Andes of southern Peru, provide information on general environmental conditions including droughts, volcanic activity, moisture sources, temperature, and glacier net balance. The net balance record reconstructed from these cores reflects major precipitation trends ...

investigations in recent decades have shown an unexpected increase in aerosol concentrations in metropolitan and industrialized regions. it was sometimes followed by heat islands and probably decreases in precipitation due to an inadvertent cloud overseeding process. particle pollutants act like small cloud condensation nuclei in which they form large collections of small droplets in cloud. col...

Artificial climate chamber for biological application is widely used in laboratories. Parameters such as temperature, humidity and light intensity of artificial can directly decide the accuracy experimental results. At present, there no relevant calibration specification, or method China. This article presents a novel chambers to evaluate humidity, control performance equipment, by determine co...

Abstract Heat distortion and Vicat softening temperature apparatus are mainly used for measuring the thermal deformation point of non-metallic materials. Parameters such as indication error, heating rate mass error loaded weights can directly decide quality heat apparatus. There is no relevant calibration specification or method in China. This article presents a novel by determining correspondi...

In this study, we used the time series images of spectral reflectance from TERRA satellite to compute normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and normalized difference moisture index (NDMI) in the Chaoyang City, western Liaoning, north-eastern China. Time-series data of NDVI and NDMI derived from satellite images of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) were used to sh...

The proliferation of markets and market-based policy instruments in environmental governance is premised on the establishment of metrological regimes and the practices of measurement, commensuration, and commodification that underlie these regimes. This paper develops the concept of metrology and examines its role in the function and dysfunction of emissions trading markets. The concept invites...