The saturation of resources ational Airspace System (e.g. runways, fossil fuels, and water and air quality) obliges regulatory authorities to trade off performance and equity parameters to maximize the efficiency of the system as a whole. Researchers have conducted analysis of trade-offs using utility theory. The value of utility theory trade-offs is subject to: (i) the validity of the paramete...

The paper discusses some core reasons why poverty remains widespread in many developing countries: market failures combine with asset inequalities to result in poverty persistence, and often poverty traps from which the poor may not be able to emerge, even in a context of aggregate economic growth. As examples the paper discusses some theoretical implications and empirical evidence for three co...

The objective of this paper is to consider the following question. Does the presence of increasing returns introduce a fundamental trade-off between equity and efficiency objectives? We show that if the no-envy notion of Foley (1967) is taken as the equity criterion and Pareto optimality as the efficiency criterion, then the answer is yes; there exist economies with increasing returns and well-...

This Paper has used a multisectoral input-output model of Iranian economy to examine the ability of different sectors of economy to create jobs per unit of output as well as capital. The results reveal that there is no conflict in a growth strategy that simultaneously attempts to improve efficiency i.e. reallocating production to sectors with low DRCs, equity and job creation. Although sectoral...

Although China has become the world’s second largest economy, a serious urgent issue of global consequences as well as the major obstacle in the process of China’s economic development is the lack of CSR. Through CSR initiatives, enterprises of all sizes, in cooperation with their stakeholders, can help to reconcile economic, social and environmental ambitions. Socially responsible supply chain...