While performing a faunistic study on the superfamily Raphignathoidea of northwestern Iran, north parts east Azerbaijan and southwest west provinces during 2016-2018, total number 40 species in 13 genera belonging to were collected identified. Among them, four species: Stigmaeus luxtoni Wood, 1981; Ledermuelleriopsis sezeki Doğan, 2004; Eustigmaeus gulingensis Hu Chen, 1996 Molothrognathus kami...

The carbon-13/carbon-12 ratios of the carbonate and collagen fractions of bone of the sympatric hyrax species Procavia johnstoni and Heterohyrax brucei indicate that the former obtains most of its diet by grazing while the latter is primarily a browser. The carbon-13/carbon-12 ratios of these fractions in fossil bone will record information about diet if they have not been altered during diagen...

Giraffidae is the only family of ruminants that is represented by two extant species; Okapia johnstoni and Giraffa camelopardalis. Of these taxa, O. johnstoni represents a typical short-necked ungulate, and G. camelopardalis exemplifies the most extreme cervical elongation seen in any ruminant. We utilize these two species to provide a comprehensive anatomic description of the cervical vertebra...

We examined agonistic behaviour in seven species of hatchling and juvenile crocodilians held in small groups (N = 4) under similar laboratory conditions. Agonistic interactions occurred in all seven species, typically involved two individuals, were short in duration (5-15 seconds), and occurred between 1600-2200 h in open water. The nature and extent of agonistic interactions, the behaviours di...

Phlebotomine sand flies are vectors of bacteria, parasites, and viruses. Lutzomyia apache, a North American sand fly, was incriminated as a vector of vesicular stomatitis viruses (VSV) due to overlapping ranges of the sand fly and recent outbreaks of VSV. We report on the discovery of 2 populations of L. apache in Wyoming from Albany and Fremont counties. We attempted to isolate VSV and phlebov...

A total of 284 specimens of Scianidae fishes Kathala axillaris and Nibea albida were collected from Parangipettai coastal waters southeast coast of India and examined for endohelminth parasites. Seven helminth species were recorded. Capillaria brevispicula, Porrocaecum reticulatum, Leppetascaris lutijani (Nematodes), Hemiurus appendiculatus, Stephanostomum triacanthi (Trematodes), Rhadinorhynch...