This experimental study investigated the learners’ integrative acquisition of obligatory overt subjects and subject-verb clause agreement in English as an L2. In L1 acquisition research, correlations between superficially unrelated linguistic phenomena are analyzed in terms of integrative effects. For instance, in English L1 acquisition, there is evidence for an integrative appearance of subjec...

Standard belief contraction assumes an underlying logic containing full classical propositional logic, but there are good reasons for considering contraction in less expressive logics. In this paper we focus on Horn logic. In addition to being of interest in its own right, our choice is motivated by the use of Horn logic in several areas, including ontology reasoning in description logics. We c...

In this paper, we introduce ordered clauses as defined a sequence of literals, and investigate the properties of generalizations for ordered clauses. Furthermore, we show that the subsumption problem for ordered clauses is NP-complete, as similar as the subsumption problem for ordinal clauses. Hence, the definition that a clause is a set of literals is inessential for the intractability of subs...

In the last few years, we have seen a tremendous boost in the efficiency of SAT solvers, this boost being mostly due to Chaff. Chaff owes some of its efficiency to its “two-literal watching” data structure. In this paper we present watched data structures for Quantified Boolean Formula (QBF) satisfiability solvers. In particular, we propose (i) two Chaff-like literal watching schemes for unit c...

The Armed Career Criminal Act (ACCA) imposes a harsh mandatory minimum sentence for simple possession of a firearm. Under the ACCA, an individual convicted of unlawfully possessing a firearm or ammunition under 18 U.S.C. § 922(g), who also has three prior convictions that qualify as serious drug offenses or violent felonies, faces a mandatory minimum sentence of 15 years. Violent felonies are b...

This study aims to review and analyze legal protections for debtors the consequences of credit agreements made with exonation clause. The type research used is normative empirical by using statutory, conceptual sociological approach methods. Types sources data / materials are carried out primary in form field secondary related literature legislation. Analysis qualitative analysis Based on resul...

in arabic, the letter “vav” (meaning and) is normally not used to indicate a causal function between a main clause and a subordinate clause of purpose beginning with “causal lam mansoub” and a present verb. for example, “(this is) a book which we have revealed to you that you may bring forth men, by their lord’s permission form utter darkness into light.” this structure is prescribed in standar...